tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-45827516633903981712024-03-17T20:00:34.277-07:00William & Mary Dyer17th-century England and New England cultureChristy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.comBlogger224125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-73956236330990963432024-03-16T11:54:00.001-07:002024-03-16T13:17:46.899-07:00 Mary Dyer was NOT hanged for “being a Quaker” <p><b style="font-family: Georgia, Utopia, "Palatino Linotype", Palatino, serif; font-size: 13.524px;">© 2012, 2024 Christy K Robinson</b></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 1px 1px 5px; background: repeat rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 1px 1px 5px; color: #333333; float: right; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; padding: 8px; position: relative; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTqS5PIU9v052nKjrIOqVjZlOMXx9Dmoigsr62bmpgnSpuGGE69Qkxi0ZCvn3A2OwA3tpDcZORKimX6cEwe81CQyK73f3aJpLGBleEwEcUABKPfagtwDry3NM-V61CO5T0qycQ6GlgG7I/s1600/The+Dyers+new+cover%252C+April+23.jpg" style="clear: left; color: purple; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTqS5PIU9v052nKjrIOqVjZlOMXx9Dmoigsr62bmpgnSpuGGE69Qkxi0ZCvn3A2OwA3tpDcZORKimX6cEwe81CQyK73f3aJpLGBleEwEcUABKPfagtwDry3NM-V61CO5T0qycQ6GlgG7I/s1600/The+Dyers+new+cover%252C+April+23.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 0px; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; border: medium; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;" width="140" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">This nonfiction e-book <br />by Christy K Robinson <br />(author of this blog) is an<br />anthology of research<br />on the Dyers, Anne Hutchinson, <br />John Winthrop, the cultures they <br />lived in and shaped, and the <br />civil liberties issues they <br />raised which affect us today.</span><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></i><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://amzn.to/1hWa8mc" style="color: purple;"><b>http://amzn.to/1hWa8mc</b></a></span></span></i></td></tr></tbody></table>I know, that’s what most of the genealogy websites—and Wikipedia, and Ruth Plimpton's book, and countless opinions and feature articles say (actually, it's a wide circle of quoting one another). Recently, I learned that FamilySearch.org has quoted those sources, <i>and</i> that they plagiarized this very article despite its copyright notice. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">But it’s <b><i>not true that Mary Dyer was hanged for "being a Quaker." </i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Thanks to the Quaker missionaries from England, there were hundreds of Quaker (Religious Society of Friends) converts in New England in the late 1650s and early 1660s. They were subject to persecution and physical torture (imprisonment in wet or freezing jail cells, topless whipping for men and women, branding, having ears notched or sliced off, tongues bored through, being dragged from town to town, put in stocks, fined heavily and/or their possessions confiscated, banished) because they represented anarchy to the church-state government formed by the Massachusetts Bay founders. Quaker persecution also happened in England, and for the same reason—fear of anarchy to established traditions and government. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b style="font-size: 12pt;"><i><br /></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b style="font-size: 12pt;"><i>Not one person was hanged for religious beliefs in their hearts and minds for "being a Quaker,"</i></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">but because they were intentionally disobedient to anti-Quaker laws. You can see by</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><a href="http://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/p/mary-dyer-1659-letter.html" style="color: purple; font-size: 12pt;" target="_blank">Mary's 1659 letter to the Massachusetts court</a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">that she was ready for heaven, that she was appalled at their cruelty and wickedness, and that she chose to die. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">When she left Shelter Island (now in the state of New York) in the spring of 1660 and walked from Providence, Rhode Island to Boston, Massachusetts, it was her intention to defy the anti-Quaker laws and be executed, specifically to bring attention to the cruelty of the theocratic governor and magistrates and their unjust laws, and raise public outcry against them. According to a Quaker observer, she believed 'it was required of her once more to visit Massachusetts, to finish, as she expresses it, "her sad and heavy experience in the bloody town of Boston."' </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Today, we call this <i>civil disobedience</i>. She broke Puritan and Anglican societal rules of women remaining silent before men's authority. She defied her legal banishments by the rulers of Massachusetts Bay Colony. She provided comfort care to already-incarcerated Quakers. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Mary was re-tried on May 31, and hanged on June 1, 1660.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><i style="font-size: 12pt;"> </i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><i style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><i style="font-size: 12pt;">By the way, it is incorrect grammar to say that Mary was "hung." People are hanged, objects are hung. </i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><i style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><i style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><i style="font-size: 12pt;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">*****</span></i></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">This is one of many articles I've seen over the years, that repeats the error that Mary Dyer was hanged for "being a Quaker." </span><i style="font-size: 12pt;"> </i><a href="https://www.southcoasttoday.com/story/news/state/2024/03/15/women-in-art-at-mass-state-house/72944627007/">https://www.southcoasttoday.com/story/news/state/2024/03/15/women-in-art-at-mass-state-house/72944627007/</a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><i style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">*****</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6yxzRdduxvRH23pwAnjnGIYb-z8KpDOXq0O-sqPrDMplWOvJHAPg7QyQqv6oOjCPT9Vyu-Vt2JZDjMV0RiMSWhcRp8mJy32qtO8CFwrh0XxRxkGh-IubzfVcpxWmWTxyfEbQoOLdnAWYmXBqGHGtssOTvixVPec3QAMflAaT4_OZG_-NErpBW-dqEI4I/s1054/2024-3-12%20selfie.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1054" data-original-width="836" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6yxzRdduxvRH23pwAnjnGIYb-z8KpDOXq0O-sqPrDMplWOvJHAPg7QyQqv6oOjCPT9Vyu-Vt2JZDjMV0RiMSWhcRp8mJy32qtO8CFwrh0XxRxkGh-IubzfVcpxWmWTxyfEbQoOLdnAWYmXBqGHGtssOTvixVPec3QAMflAaT4_OZG_-NErpBW-dqEI4I/w159-h200/2024-3-12%20selfie.png" width="159" /></span></a></div><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Christy K Robinson</b> is author of these sites: </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><ul style="line-height: 1.4; list-style: outside; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;"><li style="border: medium; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://christykrobinson.blogspot.com/" style="color: purple;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Discovering Love (inspiration)</span></a></li><li style="border: medium; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://rootingforancestors.blogspot.com/" style="color: purple;" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Rooting for Ancestors (history and genealogy)</span></a></li><li style="border: medium; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/" style="color: purple;" target="_blank">William and Mary Barrett Dyer</a> (17th century culture and history of England and New England)</span></li></ul></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">and of these books:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">· <b><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0828025053/sr=1-4/qid=1427858318/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1427858318&sr=1-4" style="color: purple;">We Shall Be Changed</a> </b>(2010)<br />· <b><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Illuminated-Dyers-1/dp/1492848034/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8" style="color: purple;">Mary Dyer Illuminated</a> </b>(2013)<br />· <b><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Such-Dyers-Volume/dp/1496026136/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_y" style="color: purple;">Mary Dyer: For Such a Time as This</a></b> (2014)<br />· <b><a href="http://www.amazon.com/DYERS-London-Boston-Newport-Volume/dp/1500539465/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_z" style="color: purple;">The Dyers of London, Boston, & Newport</a> </b>(2014)<br />· <b><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Effigy-Hunter-Christy-K-Robinson/dp/1516982509/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1443282537&sr=1-1&keywords=Effigy+Hunter%2C+by+Christy+K+Robinson" style="color: purple;">Effigy Hunter</a> </b>(2015)<br />· <b><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0692190813/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_taft_p1_i7" style="color: purple;">Anne Marbury Hutchinson: American Founding Mother</a></b> (2018)</span></div></div>Christy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-53837249245159638692022-07-21T00:00:00.003-07:002023-05-31T11:19:04.998-07:00How did Mary Dyer ride away after her prison release?<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 11pt;">© 2022 Christy K Robinson</span></b><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 11pt;">In the winter or early spring of 1657, Mary Dyer had returned from a four-year stay in England. Based on the timeline of a ship's voyage, she probably left Bristol around the end of December or early January. The ship fought heavy storms in the North Atlantic (which is why winter voyages were uncommon), and the captain was forced to sail past Boston all the way to a winter haven in Barbados. We know the ship stayed in Barbados for a few weeks because of two documents: a letter from Henry Fell to Margaret Fell, and the journal of John Taylor, which described Mary in glowing terms. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 11pt;">The ship left Barbados for Boston at about the middle of March, probably making a stop or two as it sailed north. When it arrived in Boston Harbor, the captain was ordered to show any Quakers known to be on board. The colony had created laws between August and October of 1656, ordering the whipping and jailing of Quakers, and the burning of their books and papers. Mary and her companion Anne Burden would have been aware of the laws when they landed in Barbados and stayed with Quakers there. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 11pt;">The women had decided to sail to Boston anyway, though they could have found ships bound for New Amsterdam (New York) or Rhode Island. When they arrived in Boston, probably in late March, they were arrested on the ship and dumped in the prison in Boston, there to languish for months. They were committed to "close confinement" so that "none could come at them." <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 11pt;">How do we know? The Massachusetts General Court met in mid-May, and Mary was not on the docket, though she should have been. Her husband William was Solicitor General of Rhode Island, and he was engaged in Rhode Island colonial business during their May court sessions and elections, unaware of Mary's arrest and incarceration during that time. Anne Burden was not allowed to take care of her late husband's business affairs in Boston, but was banished and sent back to England after about three months in prison, during which time she was very ill.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 11pt;">These events give us an approximate timeline of Mary Dyer's first time in prison. After her husband William learned of her harsh treatment, he made an appearance in Boston and had her released. They would have ridden horses on the Post Road back to Rhode Island, a distance of perhaps 60 miles through farmlands and forest wilderness, crossing rivers and creeks. The journey needed to be as quick as possible, because Mary had been banished by Gov. John Endecott’s court, and that distance would probably mean at least two days of horse riding.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 11pt;">In my book, <i>Mary Dyer: For Such a Time as This </i>(Vol. 2 of The Dyers), I used those deductions to dramatize Mary's and William's reunion after several years apart. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: Times; font-size: 11pt;">The images here are sidesaddles of the type ridden by women in the early and mid-17th century. Women didn't often ride astride because of their undergarments (or lack of them), their skirts hitched up over their ankles which was immodest, and they didn't wear breeches unless they were "that" kind of woman. So they rode by sitting sideways on the back of a horse, with their skirts modestly draped around them, turning forward to guide the horse. Women riders rested their feet on the platform (planchette). Yes, there was a risk of sliding off. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: Times; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></p><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(5, 5, 5); color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></div><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(5, 5, 5); color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsov6yTINQWvM3-ig35OsQz-CcFrUHtVeQvv7Wdut1O4f1b-ubPoiQBvmfStKFfQ7TwyMXcwznvKcmx2U2845tvGHD0CqUlG0f08f4jer_0-3tz5PMqUzGhb4uCYj_B6tObCweKoGfgmGlLeCM1pGl1J1F1SZmGk02eO0xZLAwJHCuYHHVRnjYp8uS/s333/17th%20century%20woman's%20saddle%201.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="333" data-original-width="258" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsov6yTINQWvM3-ig35OsQz-CcFrUHtVeQvv7Wdut1O4f1b-ubPoiQBvmfStKFfQ7TwyMXcwznvKcmx2U2845tvGHD0CqUlG0f08f4jer_0-3tz5PMqUzGhb4uCYj_B6tObCweKoGfgmGlLeCM1pGl1J1F1SZmGk02eO0xZLAwJHCuYHHVRnjYp8uS/s320/17th%20century%20woman's%20saddle%201.jpeg" width="248" /></a></div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghI9bm1UkGNKSkGf2kIXRdEcsaQZJV-PL9SyCsz6i011snII-TVm3yikIM1_4M-qTEJKPnDC8fFrhkUx5qC0z-4cfd1lAubci-y6J7Qozt7sFkNFHz5-oy_xj8ZXZIK3UgfX34URi09i_BlcYHcYEKq6oB8hW0M9izSYAO6xWidYpk3r8CCwSHNpBg/s198/17th%20century%20woman's%20saddle%202.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="198" data-original-width="122" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghI9bm1UkGNKSkGf2kIXRdEcsaQZJV-PL9SyCsz6i011snII-TVm3yikIM1_4M-qTEJKPnDC8fFrhkUx5qC0z-4cfd1lAubci-y6J7Qozt7sFkNFHz5-oy_xj8ZXZIK3UgfX34URi09i_BlcYHcYEKq6oB8hW0M9izSYAO6xWidYpk3r8CCwSHNpBg/s1600/17th%20century%20woman's%20saddle%202.jpeg" width="122" /></a></div><br /><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(5, 5, 5); color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.666667px;">One of the things an author needs to research is how people moved about in their world. I had to learn about how women rode horses in the 1650s. It required core strength to sit sideways and turn forward to guide the horse, and after a two-month stormy voyage followed by solitary confinement for three months, Mary would not have much strength or muscle tone. I decided (as the author, 356 years later) that she must have ridden some or most of the distance astride on her horse, or astride on William's. </span></div><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(5, 5, 5); color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.666667px; white-space: normal;"><br /></span></div><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(5, 5, 5); color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14.666667px; white-space: normal;">After 1830, women hooked one knee over a second, lower pommel and put the other foot in the stirrup, as in this blue and red saddle.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDXANgFg847Eex1P25XzMVnnHlGQttFgJxbezoN_0CbdNplfMdGfOee-HhgEnGco4durZdrFUrNNIWGQf2otYC3FJ8kqcxUU_mWNqzr4owUDi2dcFiQj_11ki_vaqxxvPOrPR-GagVTzFDy3Ej6LfWfN2ZSCCDSnJoaidfrMVRJ7l1q_dPrcmTxrZP/s244/19th%20century%20woman's%20saddle.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="203" data-original-width="244" height="203" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDXANgFg847Eex1P25XzMVnnHlGQttFgJxbezoN_0CbdNplfMdGfOee-HhgEnGco4durZdrFUrNNIWGQf2otYC3FJ8kqcxUU_mWNqzr4owUDi2dcFiQj_11ki_vaqxxvPOrPR-GagVTzFDy3Ej6LfWfN2ZSCCDSnJoaidfrMVRJ7l1q_dPrcmTxrZP/s1600/19th%20century%20woman's%20saddle.jpeg" width="244" /></a></div><br /><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(5, 5, 5); color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></div><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(5, 5, 5); color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">********************</div><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(5, 5, 5); color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; white-space: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Christy K Robinson</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> is author of these books (click the colored title): </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; white-space: normal;"><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: x-small;"></span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0828025053/sr=1-4/qid=1427858318/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1427858318&sr=1-4" style="color: purple;"><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">We Shall Be Changed</span></i></a><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">(2010)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Illuminated-Dyers-1/dp/1492848034/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8" style="color: purple;"><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Mary Dyer Illuminated</span></i></a><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> Vol. 1 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">(2013) </span></span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Such-Dyers-Volume/dp/1496026136/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_y" style="color: purple;"><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Mary Dyer: For Such a Time as This</span></i></a><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> Vol. 2 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">(2014)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/DYERS-London-Boston-Newport-Volume/dp/1500539465/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_z" style="color: purple;"><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">The Dyers of London, Boston, & Newport</span></i></a><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> Vol. 3 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">(2014) </span></span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Effigy-Hunter-Christy-K-Robinson/dp/1516982509/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1443282537&sr=1-1&keywords=Effigy+Hunter%2C+by+Christy+K+Robinson" style="color: purple;"><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Effigy Hunter</span></i></a><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">(2015) </span></span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0692190813/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_taft_p1_i7" style="color: purple;"><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Anne Marbury Hutchinson: American Founding Mother</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> (2018)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: x-small;">And of these sites: </span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman";">Discovering Love</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> (inspiration and service)</span></span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman";">Rooting for Ancestors</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> (history and genealogy)</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><u><span style="color: blue;">William and Mary Barrett Dyer</span></u> (17th century culture and history of England and New England)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://editornado.blogspot.com/" style="color: purple;">Editornado [ed•i•tohr•NAY•doh]</a> (Words. Communications. Book reviews. Cartoons.)</span></div></div></div>Christy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-9426208333489675032022-07-10T19:53:00.000-07:002022-07-10T19:53:38.242-07:00What our immigrant ancestors ate on the 17th-century Atlantic voyage<p><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">© </span>2022 Christy K Robinson</b></p><p>A 2017 <a href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/ship-food-research-recreation-beer?utm_medium=gastro-page&utm_source=facebook&fbclid=IwAR1hHff_FM_blRE_CuuR8G3VRyHhHKTwOAJ2firvnF_NxDcx8rgOqy5Uj4M" target="_blank">article in Atlas Obscura</a> pointed out the nasty foods and drinks consumed by ships' crews in the 17th century: decomposing brined beef and cod, dirty water, hardtack biscuits, and sour beer. Seasickness had less to do with motion than spoiled provisions. But what did the passengers eat and drink on the ships which carried them from Great Britain and Europe to North America? Voyages lasted a minimum of eight weeks, and up to 12 weeks if they fought winds, currents, or hurricanes. </p><p><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU0RZhzRbMfYMORMUAgNzKzazct75IMdw0Z3cdu3Pr3xybrBBVNGveRy6NhU2WYdgiL1SyMpz-nRe7IuIrRRIg-ynQH24oW6vI9tC8pLGYmIiuPqOzXb-ZOvyVksWS2pz5Q1rbms7SMUypSp6U0NyI5EIsGJUhQlCrliWQZRmXSUjm6niErKZEvo5x/s564/17th%20century%20coopers%20making%20barrels.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="425" data-original-width="564" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU0RZhzRbMfYMORMUAgNzKzazct75IMdw0Z3cdu3Pr3xybrBBVNGveRy6NhU2WYdgiL1SyMpz-nRe7IuIrRRIg-ynQH24oW6vI9tC8pLGYmIiuPqOzXb-ZOvyVksWS2pz5Q1rbms7SMUypSp6U0NyI5EIsGJUhQlCrliWQZRmXSUjm6niErKZEvo5x/s320/17th%20century%20coopers%20making%20barrels.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Coopers making barrels for ship cargo. </i></span></td></tr></tbody></table></p><p>Most passengers and their servants probably consumed similar fare of salted meat, or a stew of pease if they were lucky. Only three days into the 1630 voyage of the Winthrop Fleet, while the fleet’s occupants were fasting and praying, some farm laborers they’d brought “pierced a rundlet of strong water” (a 15-gallon barrel of whisky used primarily for medicinal purposes), and were put in "a bolt" (probably tied or chained to part of the ship) for a night and day to punish them. </p><p>A servant made a private deal with a boy (presumably the ship’s boy) to purloin three biscuits a day from the communal food supply, and upon discovery, the servant was tied to a bar and had a basket of stones placed around his neck for two hours. A maidservant, being seasick, drank so much whisky that she was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“senseless, and had near killed herself. We observed it a common fault in our young people, that they gave themselves to drink hot waters [whisky] very immoderately.”</i></p><p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYdsUWs7CyUuTpyowyVmb5rg1b6PFbazkFCarItOWomZ5qaskktPJqpCuSesV6wHOgNtkj-Fb1PYiGM4Pd3uZ8T268AkhR3lfYGstQFDLdQtwMUX77VVeBA7rDIiLabXTLgGIQ60qnTfWs8LetX0MS37L4iU73EY0w0APMzKgZ4vno2RJPCNSZMbFw/s634/Daily%20Mail%20codfish.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="433" data-original-width="634" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYdsUWs7CyUuTpyowyVmb5rg1b6PFbazkFCarItOWomZ5qaskktPJqpCuSesV6wHOgNtkj-Fb1PYiGM4Pd3uZ8T268AkhR3lfYGstQFDLdQtwMUX77VVeBA7rDIiLabXTLgGIQ60qnTfWs8LetX0MS37L4iU73EY0w0APMzKgZ4vno2RJPCNSZMbFw/s320/Daily%20Mail%20codfish.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; letter-spacing: -0.14000000059604645px; text-align: left;"><i><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-small;">Lucky angler Marten Hvam has recently broken the record <br />for the biggest cod caught in Europe, with a specimen <br />that measured 4ft 9ins long and tipped the scales at 91lbs 15ozs.<br /></span></i></span><a href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2148477/Angler-catches-largest-cod-fish-caught-Europe-weighing-whopping-91lb.html"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2148477/Angler-catches-largest-cod-fish-caught-Europe-weighing-whopping-91lb.html</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table><br />Running low on provisions after 12 weeks at sea, the Winthrop Fleet stopped to fish for fresh cod off Maine, and hauled in huge fish of a hundred pounds each, 67 on one day, and 36 on another. They made fires in sand-bottomed braziers on the ships' decks and cooked their fish for immediate feasting and to store for the remainder of the voyage. </p><p>Going back ten years to the <i>Mayflower</i> voyage, some historians speculate that the illness that killed half the passengers and crew in the winter and spring of 1620-21 was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scurvy" target="_blank">scurvy</a> or some other severe nutrition deficiency. The Endecott Fleet in 1629 and the Winthrop Fleet in 1630 had terrible disease outbreaks and hundreds of immigrants died of fever or nutrition deficiencies in their first months on land. In February 1631, at a time when ships rarely crossed the Atlantic in winter because of violent storms, Captain Pearce brought desperately needed foods to Boston, along with "a store of lemons" that was needed to combat scurvy. Citrus is high in Vitamin C, which helps cure scurvy symptoms. </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmpq1H5bLm_RclcnO-CusJ2XSB7Iwby5Mgwjyi6FFP8zpKHNDdK_B9Ob9eOhwh1w8Z2Aa-tlnP-zIVQ8LFWFn8OGXunEaOV3JnELlyG_uWQIok4FdcsH41nkH5OKXLL_qh3IIeqy39ToJUrMCC3k2_RtF3GTxLwnd7G3UgLREG6pRgrcWcJ2hOOc37/s1284/Still%20life%20food.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1020" data-original-width="1284" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmpq1H5bLm_RclcnO-CusJ2XSB7Iwby5Mgwjyi6FFP8zpKHNDdK_B9Ob9eOhwh1w8Z2Aa-tlnP-zIVQ8LFWFn8OGXunEaOV3JnELlyG_uWQIok4FdcsH41nkH5OKXLL_qh3IIeqy39ToJUrMCC3k2_RtF3GTxLwnd7G3UgLREG6pRgrcWcJ2hOOc37/w400-h318/Still%20life%20food.png" width="400" /></a></div><br />For people who were accustomed to dining on poultry, cheese, fish, pigeon pie, bread, root vegetables and leafy greens, ship fare could be a daunting prospect. <p></p><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">******************</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Christy K Robinson</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> is author of these books (click the colored title): </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0828025053/sr=1-4/qid=1427858318/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1427858318&sr=1-4"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">We Shall Be Changed</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2010)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Illuminated-Dyers-1/dp/1492848034/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary Dyer Illuminated</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 1 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2013) </span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Such-Dyers-Volume/dp/1496026136/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_y"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary Dyer: For Such a Time as This</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 2 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/DYERS-London-Boston-Newport-Volume/dp/1500539465/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_z"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The Dyers of London, Boston, & Newport</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 3 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Effigy-Hunter-Christy-K-Robinson/dp/1516982509/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1443282537&sr=1-1&keywords=Effigy+Hunter%2C+by+Christy+K+Robinson"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Effigy Hunter</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2015) </span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0692190813/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_taft_p1_i7"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Anne Marbury Hutchinson: American Founding Mother</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> (2018)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><br /></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">And of these sites: </span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Discovering Love</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(inspiration and service)</span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Rooting for Ancestors</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(history and genealogy)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="color: blue; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">William and Mary Barrett Dyer</span></u><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> (17th century culture and history of England and New England)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://editornado.blogspot.com/"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Editornado [ed•i•tohr•NAY•doh]</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> (Words. Communications. Book reviews. Cartoons.)</span></div></div>Christy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-76169725352790024492022-01-29T11:27:00.000-07:002022-01-29T11:27:57.313-07:00Mary Dyer 'shined in the image of God'<p> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">© 2022 Christy K Robinson</b></p><p><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(5, 5, 5); color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgpAQ61S2Cgzh04f_8s7F5Ituv2oc318BNXYIuNYjhbsDv8-i5M01Af0pGvnW3Gl2Dtw4swjbHgAcOp7IhQ6tR4Vvxv-y5Z2sN0QKtJtgAZ9w4KPOyw3HZBwr5D7muyRj9nltuTfwL5Z9ceYm8do1dtPcs8fSsvvkSOvNV8escrwGKB21yhzdbaUgbP=s871" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="871" data-original-width="539" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgpAQ61S2Cgzh04f_8s7F5Ituv2oc318BNXYIuNYjhbsDv8-i5M01Af0pGvnW3Gl2Dtw4swjbHgAcOp7IhQ6tR4Vvxv-y5Z2sN0QKtJtgAZ9w4KPOyw3HZBwr5D7muyRj9nltuTfwL5Z9ceYm8do1dtPcs8fSsvvkSOvNV8escrwGKB21yhzdbaUgbP=w248-h400" width="248" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>John Taylor's journal was published <br />in London in 1710</i></span>.</td></tr></tbody></table></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;">In 2013, I did some background reading on the conversion experiences of Quakers, one of them from the public journal of a man born in the early 1630s in York, England. He actually met Mary Dyer on Shelter Island, New York, in the winter of 1659-60, a few months before she was hanged for civil disobedience. John Taylor spent the rest of his 70 years as an itinerant Quaker minister (they didn't believe in paid clergy) and a trans-Atlantic trader and merchant. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;">Taylor wrote of the 49-year-old Mary, "She was a very comely woman and grave matron, and even shined in the image of God. We had several brave meetings there together and the Lord's power and presence was with us gloriously. And Mary Dyer went away for Boston again, and said, she must go and offer up her life there and desire them to repeal that wicked law which they had made against God's people." <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; margin: 0in;">Taylor's assertion that Mary Dyer "shined in the image of God," a Quaker expression of their belief in God as Light, was one of the reasons I titled my first book on the Dyers, <i>Mary Dyer Illuminated. <o:p></o:p></i></p><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><br /></p><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhlUfBESyD0FqQmUDwXJ1_Ei-7KWe4063oevojDJSqSyb3RK_2wyHIgwHYQJLlhcbePQ1nM8LJiK3eYDM9qxfBsKYRGy5fPD_NvdEvOOtqpob_TugsoosVcrCLPHJuK8f_sALKoESkOrjt2FcuL1G-UlyTlGSoe7YkiZOTQspaN--wYZLKuipTznPq6=s476" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="476" data-original-width="382" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhlUfBESyD0FqQmUDwXJ1_Ei-7KWe4063oevojDJSqSyb3RK_2wyHIgwHYQJLlhcbePQ1nM8LJiK3eYDM9qxfBsKYRGy5fPD_NvdEvOOtqpob_TugsoosVcrCLPHJuK8f_sALKoESkOrjt2FcuL1G-UlyTlGSoe7YkiZOTQspaN--wYZLKuipTznPq6=w161-h200" width="161" /></a></div><br />Christy K Robinson</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> is author of these books: </span></span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0828025053/sr=1-4/qid=1427858318/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1427858318&sr=1-4">We Shall Be Changed</a> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2010) </span></span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Illuminated-Dyers-1/dp/1492848034/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8">Mary Dyer Illuminated</a> Vol. 1 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2013) </span></span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Such-Dyers-Volume/dp/1496026136/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_y">Mary Dyer: For Such a Time as This</a> Vol. 2 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span></span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/DYERS-London-Boston-Newport-Volume/dp/1500539465/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_z">The Dyers of London, Boston, & Newport</a> Vol. 3 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span></span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Effigy-Hunter-Christy-K-Robinson/dp/1516982509/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1443282537&sr=1-1&keywords=Effigy+Hunter%2C+by+Christy+K+Robinson">Effigy Hunter</a> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2015) </span></span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0692190813/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_taft_p1_i7">Anne Marbury Hutchinson: American Founding Mother</a></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> (2018)</span></span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">And of these sites: </span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: small;"><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Discovering Love</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(inspiration and service)</span></span></div><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: small;"><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Rooting for Ancestors</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(history and genealogy)</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman";">William and Mary Barrett Dyer</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> (17th century culture and history of England and New England)</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="https://editornado.blogspot.com/">Editornado [ed•i•tohr•NAY•doh]</a> (Words. Communications. Book reviews. Cartoons.)</span></div>Christy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-83235934036994869282021-09-19T00:00:00.001-07:002021-09-19T00:00:00.195-07:00#OnThisDay: William Dyer's baptism<br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie4QBUzvFc7GcF3G_0CNJ6lfBhra7BRrLAwSDc0gx8PO8MGJBdZM0PH8-g8sO3MehAfb80myWw5oQyzMDlVdBfucfQbyNwqk9JXQINHASPBmwa2J9lgO_eFumgaM8CSsE0b-3yEWJvYRE/s480/1581+-+Infant+Baptism+woodcut.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="192" data-original-width="480" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie4QBUzvFc7GcF3G_0CNJ6lfBhra7BRrLAwSDc0gx8PO8MGJBdZM0PH8-g8sO3MehAfb80myWw5oQyzMDlVdBfucfQbyNwqk9JXQINHASPBmwa2J9lgO_eFumgaM8CSsE0b-3yEWJvYRE/w640-h256/1581+-+Infant+Baptism+woodcut.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>I want to know who allowed the werewolves on the left side of the image.<br />The woodcut is of an English christening in 1581.</i> <br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">© 2021 Christy K
Robinson</b></div>
<br />
William Dyer was born, say many genealogical sites, on Sept. 19, 1609. Well, maybe not "on this day" precisely, as he was baptized (christened) on Tuesday, Sept. 19. He might have been born up to a week earlier.<br />
<br />
The church where William Dyer was baptized still stands in Kirkby LaThorpe, Lincolnshire. For a description of the interior, and photos, please read my article at <br />
<a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2018/05/kirkby-la-thorpes-church-of-st-denys.html" target="_blank">https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2018/05/kirkby-la-thorpes-church-of-st-denys.html</a><br />
<br />
To read some of the many articles on this site that describe William Dyer's remarkable life and accomplishments,<b> <a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/search?q=William+Dyer" target="_blank">read this selection</a></b>, and then hit "Next Posts" at the bottom of that page.<div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPAWSaGoz2AvDACksmcIBYn0lccli7pBfZ_8z_3lnNLRpdNweCQ26UIENCePqflcpWcmYy4D-sW0XXEmf6JnPgiVt0JTgkWnCkM8RYXTqNl6uqPMUTegOp3rrJl640SPGSLwTiwbuN7dw/s400/baby+christening.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPAWSaGoz2AvDACksmcIBYn0lccli7pBfZ_8z_3lnNLRpdNweCQ26UIENCePqflcpWcmYy4D-sW0XXEmf6JnPgiVt0JTgkWnCkM8RYXTqNl6uqPMUTegOp3rrJl640SPGSLwTiwbuN7dw/s320/baby+christening.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /></div>Christy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-19376067380168221652021-06-13T13:40:00.050-07:002021-06-13T14:22:52.067-07:00Lincolnshire magazine posts Dyer hometown connection<p><b>Copyright 2021 by Christy K Robinson </b></p><div class="kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">In the spring of 2021, I was asked to write a 600-word magazine article on William Dyer and Kirkby LaThorpe, the village where he was born in 1609. The article was published in "Heckington Living," a 40-page lifestyle magazine for Lincolnshire. The magazine editor had discovered my article and photos about the Kirkby LaThorpe church, from this website.
</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">The editor, Amy Lennox, wrote: "Thank you again for your article - the locals were very complimentary about this issue!" I took screenshots, so here you go:</p>
</div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKzpr4WT0Gv-VloATZe_0VPMvBUSHQ7iuBoHCkjyeBBLdajkZorQ6LYbtAdX7wGLvT_BK7R4EXIFIMxfpeOdmTOneqIpqKgvFLjIrUahKEFnCFIMsqMdY6j0TRlGbtLUtmM8gVSw_M8XM/s752/Kirkby+LaThorpe+page+22.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="752" data-original-width="525" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKzpr4WT0Gv-VloATZe_0VPMvBUSHQ7iuBoHCkjyeBBLdajkZorQ6LYbtAdX7wGLvT_BK7R4EXIFIMxfpeOdmTOneqIpqKgvFLjIrUahKEFnCFIMsqMdY6j0TRlGbtLUtmM8gVSw_M8XM/w446-h640/Kirkby+LaThorpe+page+22.png" width="446" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNpGZguGd9JJzvQReF9TYDyieGiz_e4nLZcIYnzWtf0NLxd_AaKTFCtn6etMIlpIunZZj_aTzJMahyphenhyphenwXyq_vbSpCcvdf12r75jommAM2cjXGnhTrru_DjblO0l298YX-M3S72-wT3D2FQ/s744/Kirkby+LaThorpe+page+23.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="744" data-original-width="540" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNpGZguGd9JJzvQReF9TYDyieGiz_e4nLZcIYnzWtf0NLxd_AaKTFCtn6etMIlpIunZZj_aTzJMahyphenhyphenwXyq_vbSpCcvdf12r75jommAM2cjXGnhTrru_DjblO0l298YX-M3S72-wT3D2FQ/w464-h640/Kirkby+LaThorpe+page+23.png" width="464" /></a></div><br />
<p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: left;">See: </p><p></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: left;">* <b>William Dyer's boyhood and
education in KLT</b> and Sleaford, Carre Grammar School <<a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2015/06/william-dyers-boyhood.html">William
& Mary Dyer: William Dyer’s boyhood
(marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com)</a>><br /><br />** <b>Church of St
Denys in Kirkby La Thorpe</b> <<a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2018/05/kirkby-la-thorpes-church-of-st-denys.html">William
& Mary Dyer: Kirkby La Thorpe’s Church of St. Denys
(marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com)</a>><br /><br /><b>The bubonic and
typhoid plagues of 1625</b>, including in Lincolnshire: <<a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2016/01/william-dyers-annus-horribilis.html">William
& Mary Dyer: William Dyer’s annus horribilis -- Plagues of 1625
(marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com)</a>><br /><br /><b>The Great Frost of
1608</b>: <<a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2017/08/the-great-frost-of-1608.html">William
& Mary Dyer: The Great Frost of 1608
(marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com)</a>>
</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: left;"><br /></p><b>William Dyer's education in KLT</b> and Sleaford, Carre Grammar School <<a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2015/06/william-dyers-boyhood.html">William
& Mary Dyer: William Dyer’s boyhood
(marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com)</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">></span><p></p><p><br />** <b>Church of St
Denys in Kirkby La Thorpe</b><br /><b>Denys in Kirkby La Thorpe</b> <<a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2018/05/kirkby-la-thorpes-church-of-st-denys.html">William
& Mary Dyer: Kirkby La Thorpe’s Church of St. Denys
(marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com)</a>></p><p><br /><b>The bubonic and</b><br /><b>typhoid plagues of 1625</b>, including in Lincolnshire: <<a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2016/01/william-dyers-annus-horribilis.html">William
& Mary Dyer: William Dyer’s annus horribilis -- Plagues of 1625
(marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com)</a>></p><p><br /><b>The Great Frost of</b><br /><b>1608</b>: <<a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2017/08/the-great-frost-of-1608.html">William
& Mary Dyer: The Great Frost of 1608
(marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com)</a>> </p></div></div><div class="o9v6fnle cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU0orhCytgWPu-FCpDqKAbVBdJLpOk7-0SPufDbMExbDvxRF0cl_8EYLdyG2bbgBnWcFGIleJSNt_YUKuw_EJ-nUadLkNAf_dVfdd8UTwoQ1x-ActGDv_amJnTluswLmIUhJ2sQRzxjWE/s383/Domesday+book%252C+Kirkby+LaThorpe+.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="383" data-original-width="373" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU0orhCytgWPu-FCpDqKAbVBdJLpOk7-0SPufDbMExbDvxRF0cl_8EYLdyG2bbgBnWcFGIleJSNt_YUKuw_EJ-nUadLkNAf_dVfdd8UTwoQ1x-ActGDv_amJnTluswLmIUhJ2sQRzxjWE/w390-h400/Domesday+book%252C+Kirkby+LaThorpe+.jpg" width="390" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Domesday Book of 1086 that mentions the Saxon Earl Morcar and the <br />area of Kirkby LaThorpe. (You can make out "thorp" in the second paragraph.) <br />The Domesday Book was a survey of who owned what and how much <br />could the king levy in rents and fighting men.</span></i></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></p>
</div></div>Christy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-68105156035636430742021-02-02T19:54:00.004-07:002022-02-08T17:01:40.414-07:00Anne Hutchinson featured in television documentary<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmkUS6ALKH6QTymAtM_jplJPKtVE9AyT5qausTrj7D1g3ib_aJjK0BE9mXfPGI4ae3Bf9QPlc0PkFRYFfFhQeTgGWHqTlPCJiIGdWzJu1a40Ou1_EDSfofHVKe6Z1Tz_oESpSEKDzV8-s/s1919/TBN+Inexplicable+Feb+4%252C+2020.jpg.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="741" data-original-width="1919" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmkUS6ALKH6QTymAtM_jplJPKtVE9AyT5qausTrj7D1g3ib_aJjK0BE9mXfPGI4ae3Bf9QPlc0PkFRYFfFhQeTgGWHqTlPCJiIGdWzJu1a40Ou1_EDSfofHVKe6Z1Tz_oESpSEKDzV8-s/w640-h248/TBN+Inexplicable+Feb+4%252C+2020.jpg.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">In 2019, six documentary film producers
were tasked with researching and filming six hour-long segments on
the spread of Christianity across the world. The documentaries were
pulled together by a script writer and narrated by actor Dennis
Haysbert. Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN) began airing the monthly
episodes called “INEXPLICABLE: How Christianity Spread to the Ends
of the Earth” in early 2020, but stopped at the beginning of the
pandemic. They restarted the series, on a weekly basis, in January
2021. <br /><br />Segment Four, the spread of Christianity in North
America, was created by filmmaker James Langteaux, and airs <b>Thursday,
February 4, at 8:00 p.m. ET,</b> 7:00 CT, 6:00 PT, and 5:00 PT, on
TBN, which is a worldwide network, so it should be available to
viewers of cable, satellite, and broadcast channels. (It may be
available online after a few days.) The series combines interviews
with experts and dramatic recreations of people and events.<br /><br />Producer
Langteaux contacted Christy K Robinson, author of two popular
historical research blogs and four historical books that center on
early colonial New England religious leaders, and asked her to speak
“passionately” about <b>Anne Marbury Hutchinson</b> and her
“bold, heroic life,” as he put it. Though he filmed Robinson for
several hours, she doesn't expect to be onscreen more than a few
seconds or minutes at the beginning of the episode. <br /><br />She says,
“I hope that my synopsis on Anne Hutchinson and <b>Mary Barrett
Dyer</b>, the Quaker martyr who died for religious liberty in 1660,
came in handy to the script writer. Both women were pioneers of
religious and civil liberties in the 1630s through 1650s, almost 400
years before their time—and their struggle continues to this
day.”<br /><br />Robinson's interest in Anne Hutchinson began in the
1980s, when a Bible teacher talked about Antinomianism, which many
historians have ascribed to Hutchinson's name. “Antinomian” means
“against the entire (Old Testament/old covenant) Law,” which some
believe was supplanted by the new covenant of salvation by grace.
Robinson learned through years of research that religious
denominations which arose in New England, owed much of their theology
to the early colonial Puritan ministers, whose experiences, beliefs,
and practices influenced generations of our ancestors, and numerous
American denominations.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">For more information on Anne
Hutchinson, please visit
<<a href="https://MaryBarrettDyer.blogspot.com/2020/01">https://MaryBarrettDyer.blogspot.com/2020/01</a>></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">For more information on INEXPLICABLE,
please visit <a href="https://www.tbn.org/programs/inexplicable/episodes">Inexplicable
| TBN</a> <<a href="https://www.tbn.org/programs/inexplicable/episodes">https://www.tbn.org/programs/inexplicable/episodes</a>>
. <br /><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;">To watch the hour-long episode, visit <a href="https://watch.tbn.org/videos/inexplicable-part4">https://watch.tbn.org/videos/inexplicable-part4</a> </span></b></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">Short trailer of Episode Four: </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dyQx04b25XikfdiZ_rZP9hfk3mktodfu2mjWkielFkbL2uc4CdlpL9NmATf6YNNLK69UAInau_WhYhUgy8f8A' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><br /><p></p><div><br /></div><div><div>From a Facebook comment on Feb 8, 2021: </div><div>"Hi Christy. I watched you on Inexplicable last week. All I can say is that they didn’t quote the REAL expert nearly enough! 😜 Good job!" </div><div>--Terri Driver Babcock </div></div>Christy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-20006788392814861022020-12-23T21:17:00.001-07:002020-12-23T22:10:37.238-07:00Run, Shepherds, Run, a 17th century poem<p>William Drummond was a Scottish poet who lived at the time when William and Mary Barrett Dyer and William and Anne Marbury Hutchinson were children and adults. They would not have known Drummond, but reading his poetry shows us the type of literature to which they were exposed during their lives. </p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4erBEeomMyn2LUIZJZmeN_n1DS3BZ6JQ7rfCUpFiGe2IJ3d9LtwVbv2dxwgv3MPXOMwrj7RfqageJvQVvXZ1nwE9-vvjXA6GzOgzoRNx8Whxm1jqJUElYBH7yjDyyThNlWnsS3pgyOF4/s2048/Attributed_to_Abraham_van_Blijenberch_-_William_Drummond_of_Hawthornden%252C_1585_-_1649._Poet_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1607" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4erBEeomMyn2LUIZJZmeN_n1DS3BZ6JQ7rfCUpFiGe2IJ3d9LtwVbv2dxwgv3MPXOMwrj7RfqageJvQVvXZ1nwE9-vvjXA6GzOgzoRNx8Whxm1jqJUElYBH7yjDyyThNlWnsS3pgyOF4/s320/Attributed_to_Abraham_van_Blijenberch_-_William_Drummond_of_Hawthornden%252C_1585_-_1649._Poet_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Attributed to Abraham van Blijenberch.<br />William Drummond of Hawthornden, 1585-1649.<br />Scottish National Portrait Gallery</span></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p></p><p>This 1623 poem is religious in nature, but surprisingly, not of a Presbyterian (similar to Puritan) theology. It was written from a more episcopal (Church of England) perspective. <br /><br /></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>Run, Shepherds, run where
Bethl’em blest appears,</i></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>We bring the best of
news, be not dismayed:</i></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>A Saviour there is born,
more old than years</i></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>Amidst Heaven’s rolling
heights this earth who stayed;</i></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>In a poor cottage inned,
a Virgin Maid,</i></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>A weakling did Him bear,
who all upbears,</i></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>There is He poorly
swaddled, in a manger laid</i></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>To whom too narrow
swaddlings are our spheres:</i></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>Run, Shepherds, run, and
solemnize His birth.</i></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>This is that night−no,
day, grown great with bliss,</i></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>In which the power of
Satan broken is;</i></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>In Heaven be glory, peace
unto the Earth,</i></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>Thus singing through the
air the angels swam,</i></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium;"><i>A cope of stars re-echoed
the same.</i></span></p>
<p><br />
</p>
<p><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">William Drummond</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">from <i>Flowres of Sion</i></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #202122;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>William
Drummond</b></span></span></span><span style="color: #202122;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span></span><span style="color: #202122;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(13
December 1585 – 4 December 1649), called "</span></span></span></span><span style="color: #202122;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-style: normal;">of
Hawthornden</span></span></span><span style="color: #202122;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">",
was a Scottish poet.</span></span></span></span> </span></span>
</p><br /><p></p><div>Our Dyers and Hutchinsons did not celebrate a Christmas holiday. It wasn't part of their religious beliefs to do so. But 400 years later, we do celebrate Christmas, whether as a secular day of family, food, and gift-giving, or as a holy day of thanks to God, or somewhere between. Whatever camp you fall into, I wish you a wonderful season of peace, prosperity, health, fellowship, and joy. I wish you a "cope of stars." <br /><br /><a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2011/12/mary-dyer-and-christmas.html">William & Mary Dyer: A 17th-century Christmas (marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com)</a><br /><br /><a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2019/12/purifying-customs-and-fun-of-christmas.html">William & Mary Dyer: “Purifying” the customs and fun of Christmas (marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com)</a></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2013/12/the-puritan-problem-with-father.html">William & Mary Dyer: The Puritan Problem with Father Christmas (marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com)</a> </div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2014/12/christmas-in-17th-century-england-and.html">William & Mary Dyer: Christmas in 17th century England and America (marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com)</a> </div><div><br /></div><div><br /><br /></div>Christy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-43832769163350193112020-05-04T15:36:00.001-07:002020-05-04T16:50:26.026-07:00Book excerpt from Mary Dyer: For Such a Time as This<style>
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If you’re a descendant or admirer of the people mentioned in
this chapter, you’re already primed to appreciate the historical research and writing
expertise that went into this biographical novel: </div>
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Mary Barrett Dyer </div>
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Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick</div>
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Nathaniel Sylvester</div>
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John Endecott</div>
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<br />
And in the preceding chapter, you’d find: </div>
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Katherine Marbury Scott</div>
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Isaac Robinson</div>
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William Dyer</div>
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Sir Henry Vane</div>
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Giles Slocum</div>
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William Brenton</div>
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<br /></div>
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There’s a lot of real, historical name<b>s</b> and
characterizations in my Mary Dyer books, because they were the people in
William’s and Mary’s lives that helped define who they were, how they were interacting with one another, and what they were doing at the time. </div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Book extract from <span style="font-family: "times";"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Such-Dyers-Volume/dp/1496026136/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_y"><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Mary
Dyer: For Such a Time as This</span></i></a></span><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> Vol. 2 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">(2014)</span>, </span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">© 2014 Christy K
Robinson</b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAbIfwyCC1WrkIuLWo2va1DAlTxIWOVSIkkaNairyOzEaexRNQeO8gEwL9SK_obxoM7pTeyzGKCu3i-f5eHM96ZhWSE2HahS2YMylrqAB74BvnULbe9ySPAigprle1DmEsuWeaUbboUQM/s1600/book+covers+1-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="http://bit.ly/DyersSeries" border="0" data-original-height="691" data-original-width="1395" height="197" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAbIfwyCC1WrkIuLWo2va1DAlTxIWOVSIkkaNairyOzEaexRNQeO8gEwL9SK_obxoM7pTeyzGKCu3i-f5eHM96ZhWSE2HahS2YMylrqAB74BvnULbe9ySPAigprle1DmEsuWeaUbboUQM/s400/book+covers+1-3.jpg" title="Mary Barrett Dyer books" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="http://bit.ly/DyersSeries">http://bit.ly/DyersSeries</a> </b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">May 12, 1660</b></div>
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Shelter Island, Long
Island </div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Mary
was exhausted. She was not in the mood to hear or make another condolence. She
didn’t want to hear, much less feel, more angry words about the wickedness of
the colonial governments against the Friends, not in New England, and not in
Virginia. She wanted something, but what? </div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>This
morning, she and the Shelter Island Friends had gathered for a blessedly silent
Meeting and then a burial service for Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick. Both of
those dear people had died this week: first Cassandra and then a day later,
Lawrence. Though Mary had done all she could to loosen the terrible knots under
their skin caused by the triple lash, and soothe their pains by gently working
scented and pain-relieving balm into their scars, all it took in the end was a
respiratory fever. Once Cassandra was gone, Lawrence gave up and followed her. </div>
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Again, Mary thought of the life
force in a human being: sometimes it was strong, like a mighty river current,
and other times, it was merely a trembling leaf on an aspen. The
sixty-two-year-olds could endure savage beatings, they could tolerate the loss
of every material thing they’d worked so hard for, they could hear of their
adult children sitting in dark, cold prison, and grieve that their adolescent
children had barely escaped being sold as slaves. But finally, they had left
behind their torn old bodies for freedom and eternal joy in God’s presence.</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>She
wasn’t sure whether to rejoice or to weep, or to nurse a very natural fury at
the evil that could inhabit the governor, assistants, and ministers of Boston,
Salem, and Plymouth, who claimed to speak for God but were voracious lions
seeking to devour harmless lambs.</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Nathaniel
Sylvester hadn’t been convinced of the Friends’ teachings when Copeland,
Holder, Robinson, and others visited here in previous years. Perhaps his
sympathetic support of the Friends had something to do with his Barbados
partners and past experience with Friends there—and something to do with his
antagonistic attitude to the New Haven Colony which administered the English
settlements on Long Island and had so gravely injured the Quaker missionaries. </div>
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But something had changed. Perhaps
it was Lawrence and Cassandra, perhaps it was Mary herself, for now Sylvester
was in a hot lather to send a letter to the General Court at New Haven and
declare himself a Friend. An outraged Friend, furious about the unwarranted,
malevolent persecution by New England’s governments. How dare they, to hold
Mary Fisher and Ann Austin in prison for five weeks, and inspect their naked
bodies for marks of witchcraft or imp teats, to threaten death, and then ship
them off to Barbados. Ann had said that though she’d borne five children in
England, she’d never suffered as much as she had under those barbarous and
cruel hands.</div>
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Mary already knew what the false
minister Davenport would say: that Nathaniel was slandering New England’s godly
magistrates and himself in particular, and blaspheming God with his pernicious
doctrines, and that he was entertaining members of a cursed sect. There would
be fury, accusations, and perhaps arrests. These were the people who had begun
their bloody work with Humphrey Norton. </div>
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New Haven. Davenport. The earthquake.
Was it really only two years ago? How the faces had changed in that time. Some
had gone back to England. Sarah Gibbons drowned. William Robinson and Marmaduke
Stephenson hanged. Richard Doudney, Mary Clark, and Mary Wetherhead all drowned
in a shipwreck off Barbados. Anne Robinson dead of a fever in Jamaica. Now the
Southwicks. And soon, Mary Dyer. She felt it. She knew the time was near, for
the madness and hate of New England were still not ripe.</div>
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But did she mourn her Friends? Deep
down, no, for she knew that their salvation was secure and they were now part
of that great cloud of witnesses. Instead, she mourned the suffering of the
converts who were only obeying the quiet voice of God, and acting as scripture
prescribed: to visit the sick and imprisoned, to be just, merciful, and humble,
to love one another. She mourned for the families and children who didn’t
understand where the hate came from, and why their naked, bleeding mothers had
been dragged out to the wilderness and left to die, or suffered the winter in
Boston prison, with no heat and little food. And because these women were not
well-known, were not as educated or experienced as men, and to be honest, not
as privileged and connected as Mary Dyer, they needed an obelisk or flag to
rally around. They needed an advocate, and someone important enough to draw the
attention of Endecott and Bellingham away from the outrages they visited upon
the faithful. They needed the hearts of the people of New England turned from
bloodthirst to pity and charity. </div>
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And that Mary could do by God’s
grace. She would have done it last October, but the Lord in his wisdom had used
his two willing servants, Robinson and Stephenson, and reserved Mary’s
sacrifice for such a time as this, when it would have a greater effect.</div>
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Ah! That’s what Mary had been
longing for. Not the prison and hardship, but knowing that every moment, she
was fulfilling God’s will. She longed for the kingdom that was closer and more
real than this world, and being in that place of perfect love.</div>
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The annual Court of Elections would
be held in Boston in ten days’ time, and she would be there. Even in taking the
Southwicks home and releasing Mary from their care, the Lord was preparing her
way. She had nothing to fear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
Read more from the five-star <span style="font-family: "times";"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Such-Dyers-Volume/dp/1496026136/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_y"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Mary
Dyer: For Such a Time as This</span></i></a>. </span></div>
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*****</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxYY5-bu7snbiFqBODLShaOlwj10JN_Zebno46EqxEZ086X75cS05l0QLeYHcSlxieRtiBkwXYTLwJmiosK6pp8n0z07ASYancfX5V1Hf22XJ0G-ea_l6EJiMSP6yFtXk7waSIPrCa7z8/s1600/Wm+Dyer%2527s+2nd+letter++fragment--for+blog.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="http://bit.ly/DyerHandwriting" border="0" data-original-height="348" data-original-width="741" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxYY5-bu7snbiFqBODLShaOlwj10JN_Zebno46EqxEZ086X75cS05l0QLeYHcSlxieRtiBkwXYTLwJmiosK6pp8n0z07ASYancfX5V1Hf22XJ0G-ea_l6EJiMSP6yFtXk7waSIPrCa7z8/s400/Wm+Dyer%2527s+2nd+letter++fragment--for+blog.jpg" title="William Dyer letter 1660" width="400" /></a></div>
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On May 27, 1660 (360
years ago), Mary’s husband, William Dyer, wrote an impassioned letter to the
General Court of Massachusetts Bay Colony, pleading with them to save his wife
from the gallows. You can own a high-resolution 16x20” print of that letter
written in William’s beautiful hand, by ordering it at this page: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;"><a href="http://bit.ly/DyerHandwriting">http://</a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null">bit.ly/<span class="copy-hashsemibold"><span style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">DyerHandwriting</span></span></a></span></b></div>
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*****</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Christy K Robinson</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> is author of these books (click the
colored title): </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgohapLrwh_jo-3sPxdQHq8jilKAGAwDtcGIZCV4IBrwO6hENeffyt6E2zgHAenjJh59UU7Uq0QI7Urs-wXjkGoz5orpfrVLN7ApBE-KulhnQiJpnnNUYsMxqiyICQ8jum8-nUu4OWrJo/s1600/2020.03.18--selfie.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="476" data-original-width="382" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgohapLrwh_jo-3sPxdQHq8jilKAGAwDtcGIZCV4IBrwO6hENeffyt6E2zgHAenjJh59UU7Uq0QI7Urs-wXjkGoz5orpfrVLN7ApBE-KulhnQiJpnnNUYsMxqiyICQ8jum8-nUu4OWrJo/s200/2020.03.18--selfie.jpg" width="160" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times";"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0828025053/sr=1-4/qid=1427858318/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1427858318&sr=1-4"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">We
Shall Be Changed</span></i></a></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">(2010) </span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times";"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Illuminated-Dyers-1/dp/1492848034/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Mary
Dyer Illuminated</span></i></a></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> Vol.
1</span></i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">(2013)
</span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times";"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Such-Dyers-Volume/dp/1496026136/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_y"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Mary
Dyer: For Such a Time as This</span></i></a></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> Vol.
2</span></i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">(2014)
</span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times";"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/DYERS-London-Boston-Newport-Volume/dp/1500539465/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_z"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">The
Dyers of London, Boston, & Newport</span></i></a></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> Vol. 3</span></i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">
</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">(2014) </span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times";"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Effigy-Hunter-Christy-K-Robinson/dp/1516982509/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1443282537&sr=1-1&keywords=Effigy+Hunter%2C+by+Christy+K+Robinson"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Effigy
Hunter</span></i></a></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">(2015) </span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times";"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0692190813/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_taft_p1_i7"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Anne
Marbury Hutchinson: American Founding Mother</span></i></a></span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> (2018)</span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman";">And of these
sites: </span><span style="font-family: "times"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman";">Discovering
Love</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(inspiration and service)</span><span style="font-family: "times"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman";">Rooting
for Ancestors</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(history and genealogy)</span><span style="font-family: "times"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">William and Mary Barrett Dyer</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> (17th century culture and history of
England and New England)</span><span style="font-family: "times"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times";"><a href="https://editornado.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Editornado [ed•i•tohr•NAY•doh]</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> (Words.
Communications. Book reviews. Cartoons.)</span><span style="font-family: "times"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
Christy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-3454364027386807922020-01-17T21:22:00.000-07:002020-01-17T21:22:58.649-07:00Anne Marbury Hutchinson: American Founding Mother chapter excerpt
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Garamond;">© 2018 Christy K Robinson </span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Garamond;">In
September 2018, I published a new, contemporary biography (nonfiction) on the life and
legacy of Anne Marbury Hutchinson, 1591-1643. Its research, presentation, style, images, sources, and conclusions are unlike any other book written on Hutchinson. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Garamond;">The following article is part of
a chapter introducing Anne Hutchinson to readers in the 21<sup>st</sup>
century. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7516tTPwcC9t8khvMtFe7xlez8gQTYiC9Sa7N9Jw_izC-ff5kEDt-yrWqyhJo11Fb7DuUv3WIQnf7cJJ6dJfJI6pLqxsg7Y-tAQHKJFbPp7laNJS4N8CR4-j0t4gIu01J_IVlGuVFZZw/s1600/Hutchinson+cover+draft+3+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1095" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7516tTPwcC9t8khvMtFe7xlez8gQTYiC9Sa7N9Jw_izC-ff5kEDt-yrWqyhJo11Fb7DuUv3WIQnf7cJJ6dJfJI6pLqxsg7Y-tAQHKJFbPp7laNJS4N8CR4-j0t4gIu01J_IVlGuVFZZw/s400/Hutchinson+cover+draft+3+copy.jpg" width="273" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Garamond;">One
of the interesting things about Anne is that she was a deeply spiritual woman
all her life. But her legacy is that of promoting and practicing separation of
church and state, and secular democracy, which was almost unheard of in the 17<sup>th</sup>
century and earlier. <br />
<br />
Here is the chapter section that shows the differences in the two compacts (a
covenant) on which Rhode Island’s government began to form in 1638.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Garamond; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Anne Marbury Hutchinson: Founding mother of secular democracy </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Massachusetts Bay Colony was not founded as a
democracy where the People govern themselves with elected representatives. Rev.
John Cotton wrote: </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Garamond;">"Democracy, I do not conceive that ever God did
ordain as a fit government either for church or commonwealth. If the people be
governors, who shall be governed? As for monarchy, and aristocracy, they are
both of them clearly approved, and directed in scripture, yet so as referreth
the sovereign to himself, and setteth up Theocracy in both, as the best form of
government in the commonwealth, as well as in the church. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Garamond;">… Purity, preserved in the church, will preserve
well ordered liberty in the people, and both of them establish well-balanced
authority in the magistrates. God is the author of all these three and neither
is himself the God of confusion, nor are his ways of confusion, but of peace." </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Garamond; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Excerpted
from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Correspondence of John Cotton</i>.
Sargent Bush, Jr., editor. The University of North Carolina Press, 2001.</span><span style="font-family: Garamond;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> </span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgNaxvEcxuyGoazUZBoUVN-tWu7DKHCGyTgdNV4OmlCCnxs_pcUZOfatKOiW7ygM1Tf1Q-L8O9ZYd8FGDOJZE9ssPAtgTs68VLxVePX6oO3eKYEkicPTweuWf65EZ1o7RAvYqZpAsfrog/s1600/1638-Portsmouth+Compact+signatures.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="449" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgNaxvEcxuyGoazUZBoUVN-tWu7DKHCGyTgdNV4OmlCCnxs_pcUZOfatKOiW7ygM1Tf1Q-L8O9ZYd8FGDOJZE9ssPAtgTs68VLxVePX6oO3eKYEkicPTweuWf65EZ1o7RAvYqZpAsfrog/s400/1638-Portsmouth+Compact+signatures.jpg" width="247" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Portsmouth Compact, March 1638</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: Garamond;">When the signers of the Wheelwright
Remonstrance were disfranchised and disarmed by the Winthrop government in
1637, they determined to form a new “plantation,” or settlement, outside the
Massachusetts charter boundaries. During Anne Hutchinson’s second trial, they
organized themselves, purchased land, and prepared to move their households. The
leading men signed the Portsmouth Compact, which appears to be written in
William Dyer’s hand. In March 1638, they pledged: </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Garamond; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The 7th Day of the First Month, 1638 [7 March
1638].</span></i></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Garamond; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">We whose names are underwritten do hereby solemnly
in the presence of Jehovah incorporate ourselves into a Bodie Politick and as
He shall help, will submit our persons, lives and estates unto our Lord Jesus
Christ, the King of Kings, and Lord of Lords, and to all those perfect and most
absolute laws of His given in His Holy Word of truth, to be guided and judged
thereby.</span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Garamond;">In the margin are noted three Bible texts, given
here for your convenience: </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Garamond;">Exodus 24:3-4. <span class="textexod-24-3">Afterward
Moses came and told the people all the words of the Lord, and all the Laws: and
all the people answered with one voice, and said, All the things which the Lord
hath said, will we do.</span> <span class="textexod-24-4">And Moses wrote all the
words of the Lord and rose up early, and set up an altar under the mountain,
and twelve pillars according to the twelve tribes of Israel;</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Garamond;">1 Chronicles 11:3. <span class="text1chr-11-3">So
came all the Elders of Israel to the King to Hebron, and David made a covenant
with them in Hebron before the Lord. And they anointed David king over Israel,
according to the word of the Lord, by the hand of Samuel;</span> and </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Garamond;">2 Kings 11:17. <span class="text2kgs-11-17">And
Jehoiada made a covenant between the Lord, and the King and the people, that
they should be the Lord’s people: likewise between the King and the people</span>.
</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>We don’t know who suggested or insisted upon
the scripture references, which have in common making a covenant with one
another before God to obey his word and laws. It may have been William
Coddington, who was a magistrate of the Bay Colony and one of the 1630 Winthrop
Fleet pioneers who dreamed of building the New Jerusalem that would hasten the
return of Jesus.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Garamond;">It appears that the new plantation would have that
familiar combination of church and state, and an adherence to the religious
laws and government model of the Old Testament.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Garamond;">After some disagreements about what Anne
Hutchinson called “the magistracy,” a group led by William Coddington moved ten
to 15 miles south on Aquidneck Island and founded Newport. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Garamond;">The settlement at Portsmouth, Rhode Island, incorporated
itself as a secular democracy in 1639, contrasted with the theocratic
governments of the other English colonies – and of England, their native land. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Garamond;">Portsmouth formed a new government, with William
Hutchinson elected their “judge,” like the Old Testament judges of Israel
before the monarchy of King Saul. Their new compact, signed by William and
thirty others, read:</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Garamond; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">April 30, 1639 </span></i></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Garamond; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">We, whose names are under written do acknowledge
ourselves the legal subjects of his Majestie King Charles, and in his name do
hereby bind ourselves into a civil body politick, unto his laws according to
matters of justice. </span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Garamond;">The difference between the 1638 and 1639
agreements is stark. Religious language in the first, civil language in the
second. Then, in March 1641, the island’s general court resolved, </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">It is ordered and
unanimously agreed upon that the Government which this Bodie Politick doth
attend unto in this Island, and the Jurisdiction thereof, in favour of our
Prince is a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Democracie, or popular
Government</b>; that is to say, It is in the Power of the Body of Freemen
orderly assembled, or the major part of them, to make or constitute Just Laws,
by which they will be regulated, and to depute from among themselves such
Ministers [public servants] as shall see them faithfully executed between Man
and Man.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Between man and man.
They weren’t cutting out the relationship between God and man, or their
devotion to serving God. But secular democracy for this group, who had fled
religious persecution in England only five to ten years before, and theocratic
oppression just one year before, was the very freedom they longed for and now
had in their grasp. They were the point of a movement. And the movement,
beginning with those conventicles in her parlor, was led by Anne Hutchinson. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Garamond;">To read more (299 pages more!) about Anne Hutchinson's life and legacy, see the 5-star book at Amazon: </span><br /><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0692190813/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_taft_p1_i7"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">Anne Marbury Hutchinson: American Founding
Mother</span></i></a></b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">
</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">***** </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-pPj8UKErsSZ764gjSG-4lDqAjLs-5W0VEbfSduZHCzLYAuWRUYAXb5-TIxGys-15qspU5lhCGdpJveLp0Swgqxbjuitgsan2MIwNJUrrU9Vg-tBQ0nPZOy1G86cgGrDk9YRP7SxUe7Q/s1600/National+Religious+Freedom+Day.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="865" data-original-width="865" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-pPj8UKErsSZ764gjSG-4lDqAjLs-5W0VEbfSduZHCzLYAuWRUYAXb5-TIxGys-15qspU5lhCGdpJveLp0Swgqxbjuitgsan2MIwNJUrrU9Vg-tBQ0nPZOy1G86cgGrDk9YRP7SxUe7Q/s200/National+Religious+Freedom+Day.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<br /><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Christy K Robinson</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> is author of
these books (click the colored title): </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0828025053/sr=1-4/qid=1427858318/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1427858318&sr=1-4"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">We Shall Be Changed</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2010) </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Illuminated-Dyers-1/dp/1492848034/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary Dyer Illuminated</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 1 </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2013) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Such-Dyers-Volume/dp/1496026136/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_y"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary Dyer: For Such a Time as This</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 2 </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/DYERS-London-Boston-Newport-Volume/dp/1500539465/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_z"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The Dyers of London, Boston, & Newport</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 3 </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Effigy-Hunter-Christy-K-Robinson/dp/1516982509/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1443282537&sr=1-1&keywords=Effigy+Hunter%2C+by+Christy+K+Robinson"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Effigy Hunter</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2015) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0692190813/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_taft_p1_i7"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Anne Marbury Hutchinson: American Founding
Mother</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">
(2018)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">And of these
sites: </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Discovering
Love</span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(inspiration and service)</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Rooting
for Ancestors</span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(history and genealogy)</span></div>
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<u><span style="color: blue; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">William and Mary Barrett Dyer</span></u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> (17th century culture and history of England
and New England)</span></div>
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<a href="https://editornado.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Editornado
[ed•i•tohr•NAY•doh]</span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> (Words. Communications. Book reviews. Cartoons.)</span></div>
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<br /></div>
Christy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-31706554594163622982020-01-16T00:00:00.001-07:002020-12-23T21:34:56.843-07:00Mary Dyer and Social Justice<style>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">A script commissioned by Julie Esker Dishman</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">© 2019 Christy K
Robinson</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSBBtIUmI02Gmlt8zshRH58VC_aTkUSDhNJzFgmmpMrSwM-c4DWjvq3yOSQ1tk6vws1UuwDMWYsR2SoyXqwc2Vnpw9N6F7JrM0FTbA3R05NC6Xt2QDIS6urxB_XQzYr9NyJdU9LDSipyg/s1600/hanging+on+gallows+with+menacing+clouds.Jpeg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="273" data-original-width="254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSBBtIUmI02Gmlt8zshRH58VC_aTkUSDhNJzFgmmpMrSwM-c4DWjvq3yOSQ1tk6vws1UuwDMWYsR2SoyXqwc2Vnpw9N6F7JrM0FTbA3R05NC6Xt2QDIS6urxB_XQzYr9NyJdU9LDSipyg/s1600/hanging+on+gallows+with+menacing+clouds.Jpeg" /></a></div>
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If you’ve heard of Mary Barrett Dyer, who lived in the
mid-1600s, it’s probably as a Quaker woman who was hanged because of her
religious beliefs. But historical research shows that Mary Dyer—married in an
Anglican service, emigrated to Boston in 1635 as a Puritan, banished as an
Antinomian heretic, co-founded Rhode Island as a non-conformist, possibly
worshiped with Baptists, became a Quaker in England—actually was hanged for her
civil disobedience! </div>
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From 1657, she was arrested and jailed in New Haven and
Plymouth colonies, and was in and out of prison in Massachusetts Bay Colony,
some say because she preached. But there’s no record of her spoken words, nor a
record of her being whipped, the fate of women who taught religion to men.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><i><span style="color: red;"><b>Learn more about Mary Dyer:</b></span> <b><a href="http://bit.ly/TopTenMaryDyer">http://bit.ly/TopTenMaryDyer</a> </b></i></span></div>
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We know from <b><a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/p/mary-dyer-1659-letter.html">her
only surviving letter</a></b>, written from prison to the General Court in Boston, that<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_msoanchor_1"> </a>her mission there was, in “love and compassion,” to
“offer up her life for truth and people’s sakes” to force the theocratic
government to repeal its laws that whipped, imprisoned, seized property, and
executed Quakers and other religious dissenters. She demanded that the
government “let the truth and the servants of God have free passage” in the
colony. She said on Shelter Island that she went to Boston “to try the bloody
law.” </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8Hrdr18EV3lIAugDAb9lVCKUfFs_g8uzvl_uNOF9MZFYrtFBS5cmi5uu1WzYjnnI7bgfz04tQO_7hnQl5YgOaGiM5Oaih6dey0axxpMFOU-gf867b2l41l98rCU96wMzocKqcUFCD2kg/s1600/Dyer+letters-good.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="507" data-original-width="426" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8Hrdr18EV3lIAugDAb9lVCKUfFs_g8uzvl_uNOF9MZFYrtFBS5cmi5uu1WzYjnnI7bgfz04tQO_7hnQl5YgOaGiM5Oaih6dey0axxpMFOU-gf867b2l41l98rCU96wMzocKqcUFCD2kg/s400/Dyer+letters-good.jpg" width="335" /></a></div>
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Mary Dyer was reported as lovely, well-spoken and educated,
and had social advantages with her well-connected husband, a prosperous
mariner, farmer, and the first attorney general in America. The Boston
government did not want to make a martyr of her and begged her to leave and be
safe in Rhode Island. But Mary used those advantages to force their response. </div>
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After they hanged her in 1660, English Quakers rewrote
and edited her letter to elicit tolerance for their cause. As a result, King
Charles II put an end to colonial executions for conscience’s sake. He also
ratified the Rhode Island charter of 1663, which brought religious liberty and
free passage in New England, as Mary had demanded. That charter was used as a
template for the US Constitution’s Bill of Rights. </div>
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What Mary Dyer and the Rhode Island founders sent down
through the ages with their testimonies and documents, was justice, mercy,
compassion, and equality for all people of all faiths, all nationalities. Their
philosophy of separation of church and state allowed for a wide spectrum of
belief and behavior without oversight by government or regulators. Most were
godly people who knew <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">firsthand</i> the
persecution and oppression of theocracy.</div>
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They encouraged kindness and tolerance without demanding
conformity to one dogma or creed. Instead of stealing land, they purchased it
for a fair price, and they were reluctant to make war on Native Americans. </div>
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Extending those qualities to social issues today would mean
that we don’t dehumanize refugees in crowded pens with inhumane conditions. We
don’t withhold health care, shelter, or sustenance from the elderly, the
disabled or infirm, or children or strangers among us. It would mean that government
officials don’t take bribes or benefit financially from their elected or
appointed positions, and that political campaigns are financed by the people of
that jurisdiction instead of billionaires and corporations.
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The legacy of Mary Dyer’s exemplary life and sacrificial death is that under
our Constitution, we have the freedom—apart from government—to speak, to freely
assemble, to protest, and to worship according to our conscience—what they
called “soul liberty” in her day. Today we call them basic human rights. </div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>As people of firm faith in one religion
or another, or people of no faith, we all have a responsibility to nurture one
another and to care for our planet, recognizing the liberty and human rights of
future generations. <br />The Golden Rule transcends time, religions, and cultures<span class="MsoCommentReference"><span style="line-height: 150%;"><a class="msocomanchor" href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4582751663390398171#_msocom_5" id="_anchor_5" name="_msoanchor_5"></a></span></span>. </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10pt;">***** </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaVO3omuju1WA_u_MLHDfsA0lqAKgwAjFslmCTz6YnmXueYOGhyP-bdPLeli-L14HkwX-Ogjv6Oa2yol-4xcGmhXBm4XfcvIV9ufTGi97q2IEEt0tB9k-cxBCGwyXQ-UUSjPAUmIyaxxI/s1600/Christy%252C+Dyer+scarf.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="435" data-original-width="369" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaVO3omuju1WA_u_MLHDfsA0lqAKgwAjFslmCTz6YnmXueYOGhyP-bdPLeli-L14HkwX-Ogjv6Oa2yol-4xcGmhXBm4XfcvIV9ufTGi97q2IEEt0tB9k-cxBCGwyXQ-UUSjPAUmIyaxxI/s200/Christy%252C+Dyer+scarf.jpg" width="169" /></a></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Christy K Robinson</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> is author of
these books (click the colored title): </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0828025053/sr=1-4/qid=1427858318/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1427858318&sr=1-4"><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">We Shall Be Changed</span></i></a><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">(2010) </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Illuminated-Dyers-1/dp/1492848034/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8"><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Mary Dyer Illuminated</span></i></a><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> Vol. 1 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">(2013) </span></span></b></div>
<b><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></b><br />
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Such-Dyers-Volume/dp/1496026136/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_y"><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Mary Dyer: For Such a Time as This</span></i></a><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> Vol. 2 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">(2014) </span></span></b></div>
<b><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></b><br />
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/DYERS-London-Boston-Newport-Volume/dp/1500539465/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_z"><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">The Dyers of London, Boston, & Newport</span></i></a><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> Vol. 3 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">(2014) </span></span></b></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Effigy-Hunter-Christy-K-Robinson/dp/1516982509/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1443282537&sr=1-1&keywords=Effigy+Hunter%2C+by+Christy+K+Robinson"><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Effigy Hunter</span></i></a><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">(2015) </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0692190813/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_taft_p1_i7"><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Anne Marbury Hutchinson: American Founding
Mother</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">
(2018)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">And of these sites:
</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman";">Discovering
Love</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> (inspiration and service)</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman";">Rooting
for Ancestors</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> (history and genealogy)</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman";">William and Mary Barrett Dyer</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">
(17th century culture and history of England and New England)</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://editornado.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Editornado
[ed•i•tohr•NAY•doh]</span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> (Words. Communications. Book reviews.
Cartoons.)</span></span></div>
</div>
Christy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-40632947872481314722020-01-01T00:00:00.000-07:002020-01-20T02:52:41.849-07:00Forcing is not freedom<style>
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<span class="3l3x1n4g"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">"Judeo-Christian"
roots of America—NOT supported by fact </span></b></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">© 2020 Christy K
Robinson<span class="3l3x1n4g"></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJWtsC0UwRE-y6veZPsoBm6uTl0cuv57G68_bgJck5b-di4uM5NDUiw4czmlh-OCgHFCm54_sGmpCSVSi2elzt2MDf65vPYvzovRS5raJILi1w0-AUFRQvxJ_0wNswF45Enapx4gLOe_8/s1600/I+do+not+think+it+means.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="309" data-original-width="500" height="197" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJWtsC0UwRE-y6veZPsoBm6uTl0cuv57G68_bgJck5b-di4uM5NDUiw4czmlh-OCgHFCm54_sGmpCSVSi2elzt2MDf65vPYvzovRS5raJILi1w0-AUFRQvxJ_0wNswF45Enapx4gLOe_8/s320/I+do+not+think+it+means.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span class="3l3x1n4g">In the more than 20 years I've been researching and writing about Anne Hutchinson and Mary Dyer and their relation to religious liberty, my published articles have often received comments saying, essentially, "Pish-posh! Judeo-Christian beliefs form the basis of American life." </span><br />
<span class="3l3x1n4g"></span><br />
<span class="3l3x1n4g"></span><br />
<span class="3l3x1n4g">With various <b><a href="http://churchandstate.org.uk/2014/12/rick-santorum-separation-of-church-and-state-a-communist-idea-not-an-american-one/?fbclid=IwAR2EBYOm_CIzHBYm70d1HhM4TI8Cw27ovcRupYHyTQcGg7zyXsxZFqmbrCE" target="_blank">politicians</a>, <a href="https://indianapublicmedia.org/news/group-files-complaint-against-u.s.-attorney-general-william-barr-following-n.d.-speech.php" target="_blank">attorneys,</a> </b>and <b><a href="https://deadstate.org/robert-jeffress-thank-god-trump-understands-there-is-no-such-thing-as-a-separation-of-church-and-state/" target="_blank">religious leaders</a></b> preaching the glories of a "Christian nation," our Constitutional right to worship or not, free of government interference, is under attack. <br /><br />The colonies in what became the United States in 1776 were
established as Church of England colonies under the English Crown. But
beginning in the 1620s, the New England colonies (Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay,
Connecticut, New Haven, New Hampshire) were intended to be Separatist or
Puritan (Puritans being a purifying movement within the Church of England)
theocracies. <br />
<br />
The first thing the CofE/Puritan colonies did was establish a theocratic
government which determined every facet of the colonials' lives. People were
flogged, hanged, tortured, banished, enslaved, etc., because of these religious
governments. </span></div>
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<span class="uficommentbody">Massachusetts Bay Colony was
founded as a theocracy. Men who were church members were a rigorously tested,
tithe-paying member of the Puritan church. If they were church members, they
might be eligible to be freemen, which gave them privileges in business, and
required them to serve on juries and assemblies, and vote.</span></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhajc3RVyDzZswudIF29zoqGW5maEOKpidkGJee69R5Mj1NWEdQNAxRi8URceh0MX5rwL9L0-AAPSApag4PUKkHOWu-h_Fxbc8g1J9PvMs5pIg7xLRKXyPkHU7ogQl0sqR633ygVYufOWc/s1600/1651-Obadiah+Holmes+whipping.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="781" data-original-width="900" height="277" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhajc3RVyDzZswudIF29zoqGW5maEOKpidkGJee69R5Mj1NWEdQNAxRi8URceh0MX5rwL9L0-AAPSApag4PUKkHOWu-h_Fxbc8g1J9PvMs5pIg7xLRKXyPkHU7ogQl0sqR633ygVYufOWc/s320/1651-Obadiah+Holmes+whipping.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Baptist minister Obadiah Holmes, Sr., was flogged<br />nearly to death in Massachusetts Bay Colony.</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span class="uficommentbody">Magistrates and officials were
often ordained ministers. They formed the core of the theocracy. And they <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hanged </i>adulterers, thieves, Quakers, and
witches. They treated Baptists and fornicators in the same way: they beat them
to a pulp. Catholics were not allowed. They enslaved Native Americans because
they were pagan.</span><span class="3l3x1n4g"></span></div>
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<span class="3l3x1n4g">Rhode Island, founded by Roger Williams and the Anne Hutchinson
party (including William and Mary Dyer), was established between 1636 and 1638
as a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">SECULAR DEMOCRACY</b>, that is, a
non-religious “body politick” governed by the People. The 1663 Rhode Island
charter, similar to a constitution, was written by John Clarke, Roger
Williams--and probably also William Dyer, who was the first attorney general in
North America, including Canada and the Spanish and French colonies. William Dyer
was far more than just a "courier" who brought the ratified charters
back from England in the 1640s, 1650s, and 1663. William had lost his friend
Anne Hutchinson and his beloved wife Mary to theocratic persecution and
execution, so he had a huge stake in the outcome of religious liberty in New
England. </span></div>
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<span class="3l3x1n4g"><i>All
civil states, with their officers of justice, in their respective
constitutions and administrations, are proved essentially civil, and
therefore not judges, governors, or defenders of the spiritual, or Christian,
state and worship.</i> </span>— Roger Williams
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The Puritan theocracies of New England in the 1600s demanded
that all freemen (voters, jurors, etc.) take an oath of allegiance to their
colony. But the Quakers, starting in the late 1650s, refused to take any oath
because the Bible (same Bible the Puritans used) said to <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=James+5%3A12&version=ESV">let
their yes be yes</a>, and <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+5%3A37&version=ESV">no
be no</a>, and not swear by anything on the earth or in heaven. (In other
words, be so upright, trustworthy, and honorable a person that your word stands
for something.) So the Puritans fined them heavily, and confiscated their
stock, crops, and lands. They also severely whipped the Quakers for not
swearing the oath. The Puritans held this oath ceremony repeatedly through the
year, so as to maximize their penalty fines. Then they awarded each other large
land grants in compensation for their government service. Here's a specific
case I wrote about: <a href="http://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2012/06/grandparents-in-law-quaker-connection.html">http://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2012/06/grandparents-in-law-quaker-connection.html</a>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGLowMm9FOP-9Uo6UXTQF_CbEBXbUP5UnxNXqIPEli83ITWDCmtxPI6OFdGhI9iQEefemN9KVUxjY_hewqDrwgTWUPMFyEHDZQWitMJv6KEHQ7kX4jorsDjEJ9az3pbIDkGxaVr2_1Uas/s1600/Thom+Jefferson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="426" data-original-width="192" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGLowMm9FOP-9Uo6UXTQF_CbEBXbUP5UnxNXqIPEli83ITWDCmtxPI6OFdGhI9iQEefemN9KVUxjY_hewqDrwgTWUPMFyEHDZQWitMJv6KEHQ7kX4jorsDjEJ9az3pbIDkGxaVr2_1Uas/s320/Thom+Jefferson.jpg" width="144" /></a></div>
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<span class="3l3x1n4g">Fast-forward to New Jersey in 1720, where a Welsh Baptist
minister, Nathaniel Jenkins, was a colleague of Obadiah Holmes Jr. of Newport,
whose father had been flogged by the Boston theocracy in the early 1650s. <a href="https://rootingforancestors.blogspot.com/2015/01/nathaniel-jenkins-another-brick-in-wall.html" target="_blank">Rev. Jenkins stood up in the New Jersey assembly</a> (the legislature) and spoke
eloquently on religious liberty when he persuaded them to quash a bill that
would punish Unitarians (who believed in one God) for not believing in the
Trinity of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Jenkins was a Trinitarian, by the way. He would not countenance persecution of anyone based on their religious beliefs.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="3l3x1n4g">Fast-forward again to the writing and ratifying of the
United States Constitution and its Bill of Rights (including the First
Amendment). </span><span class="uficommentbody">The "founders" of the
United States, who wrote the Constitution and Bill of Rights, were the
great-grandchildren of that very persecution. Only three or four generations
away, and they knew their history intimately. They knew what religion does when
married to government, and they took steps to keep them separate. They were men of high moral character who governed in a secular framework. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7cyqtkl3o6U4zokXz0nR5jDMZWk6S_AV3ifmutPRm2kxrNh7JSZAHyLg-rnc2_EGe6Imi7ag4hQ8Pq7Hy0VibrcMnNfZOfmqJ0WyhNl7MYK5GgwvB0Kao6HSXkNVi6hLuHoUhqRJytVo/s1600/John+Adams.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="343" data-original-width="167" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7cyqtkl3o6U4zokXz0nR5jDMZWk6S_AV3ifmutPRm2kxrNh7JSZAHyLg-rnc2_EGe6Imi7ag4hQ8Pq7Hy0VibrcMnNfZOfmqJ0WyhNl7MYK5GgwvB0Kao6HSXkNVi6hLuHoUhqRJytVo/s320/John+Adams.jpg" width="155" /></a></div>
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<span class="3l3x1n4g">The Constitution is a completely
secular document. It's not a religious document. The Founders knew intimately
what religion mixed with government was currently doing in Europe, and what it
had done to their great-grandparents of the 17th-century American colonies, and
their great-great grandparents in England. That First Amendment was modeled on
some Virginia legislation, and upon the 1663 Rhode Island charter. </span><br />
<br />
<span class="3l3x1n4g"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The United States
were not founded as a Judeo-Christian society.</b> (Jews were safe in Newport,
Rhode Island because of their charter allowing religious liberty, but not in other colonies.) The United States government was founded by Christians,
agnostics, and Deists, who believed in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">a </i>god
or supernatural creator, but didn't necessarily believe that Jesus was God
himself. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy-p10Ew5mke7VReSqoJjuclzR51dzvGPASU6QUXjOCK9E_vfuwvlLrUXytS_E73Mj0tGoa3Y04PEgZQWzPLYewoBrQBzn7zccuiuuybv6KNrXPw-VlEFu36PWc_YDcYm1Bs6YADT1ipI/s1600/James+Madison%252C+separation.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="785" data-original-width="952" height="164" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy-p10Ew5mke7VReSqoJjuclzR51dzvGPASU6QUXjOCK9E_vfuwvlLrUXytS_E73Mj0tGoa3Y04PEgZQWzPLYewoBrQBzn7zccuiuuybv6KNrXPw-VlEFu36PWc_YDcYm1Bs6YADT1ipI/s200/James+Madison%252C+separation.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span class="3l3x1n4g">Six years after the Constitution was written, the young nation made a</span><span class="3l3x1n4g">
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="3l3x1n4g"><span class="uficommentbody1n4g"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i>"Art. 11. As the
Government of the United States of <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">America
is not, in any sense, founded on the Christian religion</span>; as it has in
itself no character of enmity against the laws, religion, or tranquility, of
Mussulmen (Muslims); and as the said
States never entered into any war or act of hostility against any Mahometan
(Mohammedan) nation, it is declared by the parties that <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">no pretext arising from religious opinions shall ever produce an
interruption of the harmony</span> existing between the two countries."</i> <span style="font-size: x-small;">Source: <a href="https://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/bar1796t.asp" target="_blank">Treaty of Tripoli, 1797</a></span></span></span>
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The
use of this term [Judeo-Christian], which conveniently dismissed American anti-Semitism as
foreign, exploded in the 1940s, appearing in thousands of essays, books, and
speeches. As Americans mobilized against “totalitarian” Germany and Japan, and later
the “godless” Soviet Union, appeals to Judeo-Christianity allowed Americans to
define the United States as uniquely committed to human dignity and the
virtuous defender of religious pluralism. Dwight Eisenhower famously proclaimed
in 1953 that “our form of government” was rooted “in the Judeo-Christian
concept.” ...<br />
Conservatives,
in response, doubled down on their insistence that the United States was an inherently
religious nation and appealed to Judeo-Christianity to challenge taxation and
abortion. American values, wrote Secretary of Defense Elliot Richardson in
1973, called for Judeo-Christian charity, not “big government.” By the 1980s,
the term encapsulated the right’s powerful cocktail of white resentment,
sexism, and anti-welfare rage. Judeo-Christianity, writers implied, was more
than a specific variation of American evangelism; rather, it was a timeless
tradition whose defense necessitated opposition to affirmative action, equality
for women and sexual minorities, and redistributionist policies. ...<br />
Hardly
a practicing Christian, [white nationalist Steve] Bannon has <a href="https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/10/politics/steve-bannon-national-front/index.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">often claimed</a> that societies’ strengths lay in their
ethnic homogeneity. This is why, he argues, nationalists must smash the power
of “globalism,” epitomized by international organizations, finance, and
migration. For Bannon, however, this nationalist revolution also has a
geopolitical aspect, best captured through a religious terminology. <i>The white
nations, he explained in <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-26/bannon-russia-probe-set-back-efforts-to-work-with-moscow" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">a recent interview</a>, constitute the “Judeo-Christian West,”</i>
which should to come together with Russia to defeat their Muslim and Chinese
opponents. Indeed, Judeo-Christianity has been a long-standing obsession for
Bannon.<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Source: <a href="https://newrepublic.com/article/155735/rights-judeo-christian-fixation" target="_blank">The New Republic, November 2019</a></span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="3l3x1n4g"><span class="3l3x1n4g">Though I'm an advocate of religious liberty and separation of church and state like my ancestors on both sides of my family, I am a practicing Christian, and have been all my life. It's not just a label. It's what I do. I volunteer with groups that serve the homeless, the immigrants, the hungry, and those who need medical assistance. I'm also a church musician for numerous churches and fellowships over five decades. I attended Christian schools. I've worked for religious nonprofits as an employee or a contractor. I will tell you from long experience that separation of church and state <i>strengthens</i> faith-based organizations. </span></span></span></div>
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<span class="3l3x1n4g"><span style="font-size: small;"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">America
was founded by moral, high-minded people who had their own religious
traditions, but didn't insert the spiritual realm into the documents upon which
our rule of law and our culture depend.</span></b> </span></div>
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<span class="3l3x1n4g">As I've written elsewhere, the problem
was not that our founding mothers and fathers had strong religious beliefs—they
had such strong religious beliefs that they died for them—it’s that some of
them tried to enforce their beliefs, lifestyle, values, etc., on others. </span></div>
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<span class="3l3x1n4g">Forcing is the opposite of freedom.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;">*****</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUBn0l_IFQ93cAKzXuAeSjW0f7BA2ylZqvjoBDl66KWF4On5MAxRJXh2b_K9YvZvAOp7xHDWl35SgKwZ-k5tFk3bCYpp0BJc8Bd5Qm_8oG_g5AaMZ-MStmN_AJuMPo2I0UIV4seZ40pOE/s1600/National+Religious+Freedom+Day.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="865" data-original-width="865" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUBn0l_IFQ93cAKzXuAeSjW0f7BA2ylZqvjoBDl66KWF4On5MAxRJXh2b_K9YvZvAOp7xHDWl35SgKwZ-k5tFk3bCYpp0BJc8Bd5Qm_8oG_g5AaMZ-MStmN_AJuMPo2I0UIV4seZ40pOE/s200/National+Religious+Freedom+Day.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Christy K Robinson </span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">is author of
these books (click the colored title): </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0828025053/sr=1-4/qid=1427858318/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1427858318&sr=1-4"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">We Shall Be Changed</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2010) </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Illuminated-Dyers-1/dp/1492848034/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary Dyer Illuminated</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 1 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2013) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Such-Dyers-Volume/dp/1496026136/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_y"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary Dyer: For Such a Time as This</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 2 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/DYERS-London-Boston-Newport-Volume/dp/1500539465/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_z"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The Dyers of London, Boston, & Newport</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 3 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Effigy-Hunter-Christy-K-Robinson/dp/1516982509/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1443282537&sr=1-1&keywords=Effigy+Hunter%2C+by+Christy+K+Robinson"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Effigy Hunter</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2015) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0692190813/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_taft_p1_i7"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Anne Marbury Hutchinson: American Founding
Mother</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">
(2018)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">And of these sites:
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Discovering
Love</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(inspiration and service)</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Rooting
for Ancestors</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(history and genealogy)</span></div>
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<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;">William and Mary Barrett Dyer</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;">
(17th century culture and history of England and New England)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://editornado.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Editornado
[ed•i•tohr•NAY•doh]</span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> (Words. Communications. Book reviews.
Cartoons.)</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Christy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-50444130105018289492019-12-22T01:42:00.000-07:002019-12-26T23:08:34.630-07:00“Purifying” the customs and fun of Christmas<style>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Why our ancestors
didn’t celebrate the holiday</b></span>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">© 2019 Christy K
Robinson </b></div>
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<br /></div>
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Even as I finish out my 50th year as a church musician,
playing keyboards for church preludes and choir parties, and accompanying vocalists
and congregations during Advent and Christmas, I remember how our ancestors
responded to holiday events in the 17th century. </div>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpZADUGP0U5V0wEhQPYDL8BivbiwJFAwN5tumRyRcydGQmtDYDfgVq3wsxHSmP2Pd6sqpSmdqkC5fmGD6QmbXUuXsG_FsadzSHmiyRbSRSeEZnRX62gAt7ShJF7MnvS-wbFFYFTMp_SIA/s1600/Brueghel_adoration.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1088" data-original-width="1600" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpZADUGP0U5V0wEhQPYDL8BivbiwJFAwN5tumRyRcydGQmtDYDfgVq3wsxHSmP2Pd6sqpSmdqkC5fmGD6QmbXUuXsG_FsadzSHmiyRbSRSeEZnRX62gAt7ShJF7MnvS-wbFFYFTMp_SIA/s400/Brueghel_adoration.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Brueghel the Younger: Adoration of the Magi, late 16th century.</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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For a thousand years, European ancestors had celebrated Christ’s
“birth” at midwinter with religious services, fasts and feasts (Advent was a
four-week modified fast leading up to the Christmas feast and then 12 days of
feasts and parties). It was during the religiously stringent mid-17th century
that Christmas took a punch to the gut in Protestant England and New England.</div>
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The Christian church had adopted many pagan seasonal customs
and co-opted their celebrations while proselytizing and building their culture
and governments. The Yule, the holly and mistletoe, gift-giving, festivals of
light and feasting, saint miracles, and much more originated thousands of years
ago. But as Puritans, Separatists, and other non-conformists saw it, the
“Christ-mass” was a bastardization of pagan revels with Roman Catholicism. Puritans
(a.k.a. Congregationalists) had a mission to purify and purge Christianity of
its sinful ways and prepare people for the imminent second advent of Christ. </div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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The banning of Christmas celebrations has often been
attributed to Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the English Commonwealth from
1553 to 1558.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Parliamentary
bans, however, occurred while he was a general, fighting decisive battles in
the first English Civil War. </div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigyaFGd3spr7AAUKXCn2dcsqOozUX3Q035BX4S5O3oKqdJm6M4mfL3MzJn95xtq2N-GGz6KVc-iA3AlsV3NQLxw16Jl7UDe0phunVLpHD5ijV1Qe4mjJZO41czg1MrOwzn5U2XPOm6LEY/s1600/Cromwell.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="741" data-original-width="610" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigyaFGd3spr7AAUKXCn2dcsqOozUX3Q035BX4S5O3oKqdJm6M4mfL3MzJn95xtq2N-GGz6KVc-iA3AlsV3NQLxw16Jl7UDe0phunVLpHD5ijV1Qe4mjJZO41czg1MrOwzn5U2XPOm6LEY/s320/Cromwell.jpg" width="262" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Cromwell didn't outlaw or ban Christmas, <br />but it makes a fun meme!</i></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1644, England</b></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span> </span></div>
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“Whereas some doubts have been
raised whether the next [regularly scheduled last Wednesday of every month]
Fast shall be celebrated, because it falleth on the day which heretofore was
usually called the feast of the Nativity of our Saviour [Christmas]. The Lords
and Commons in Parliament assembled doe order and ordaine that publique notice
be given that the Fast appointed to be kept on the last Wednesday in every
moneth ought to be observed untill it be otherwise ordered by both Houses of
Parliament: And that this day in particular is to be kept with the more solemne
humiliation, because it may call to remembrance our sinnes, and the sinnes of
our forefathers, who have turned this Feast, pretending the memory of Christ
into an extreame forgetfulnesse of him, by giving liberty to carnall and
sensuall delights, being contrary to the life which Christ himselfe led here
upon earth, and to the spirituall life of Christ in our soules for the
sanctifying and saving whereof Christ was pleased both to take a humane life,
and to lay it down againe.”</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1647, England and
Wales</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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“All Festivals and Holy Days
abolished; … Forasmuch as the Feasts of the Nativity of Christ, Easter
and Whitsuntide [Pentecost], and other Festivals commonly called Holy-Dayes,
have been heretofore superstitiously used and observed Be it Ordained, by the
Lords and Commons in Parliament assembled, That the said Feast of the Nativity
of Christ, Easter and Whitsuntide, and all other Festival dayes, commonly
called Holy-dayes, be no longer observed as Festivals or Holy-dayes within this
Kingdome of England and Dominion of Wales, any Law, Statute, Custome,
Constitution, or Cannon to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding[.] “</div>
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<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Source: <a href="https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2017/12/christmastime-in-england-prohibitions-and-permissions/">Library
of Congress</a></span> </div>
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<br /></div>
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New England Separatists (Pilgrims) and Puritans were more
zealous, more fundamentalist, more strict than their friends and brethren in
England. Christmas was not celebrated in Plymouth Colony in 1621, as noted in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">my article <a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2017/12/the-17th-century-war-on-christmas.html">HERE</a></b>,
and celebrations were much-frowned-upon by the theocracies of Massachusetts
Bay, Connecticut, and New Haven in the 1630s and 1640s even while under the
authority of King Charles I. As in England, people were encouraged to tattle on
their neighbors who brought greenery into the house or held a Christmas feast
or gave gifts. </div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1651, Massachusetts
Bay Colony</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When it comes to assigning “blame” for the banning of
Christmas celebrations in New England, we could choose among several members of
the theocratic government: Rev. John Cotton, Rev. John Wilson, Gov. Richard
Bellingham, Sec. Edward Rawson, or Gov. John Endecott (Endecott is my suggestion for instigator because of his
fanatical leanings, and his persecution of Baptists, Quakers, and others who
would not conform to his narrow beliefs).</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0BjAKz4uC8gObV7a_m_e9lgLX_JapgF7lIF1T8qFeNbEphK3-NnxIJpia_IriiWu_dWI3MQ9nt-an_avH1M19eqnTfi9OGN_iC0sk9aevoR-h3u-mEnWLmXVf20LTtnTNBqiSAwI-E9g/s1600/1651-+Christmas+in+MassBay.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="223" data-original-width="707" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0BjAKz4uC8gObV7a_m_e9lgLX_JapgF7lIF1T8qFeNbEphK3-NnxIJpia_IriiWu_dWI3MQ9nt-an_avH1M19eqnTfi9OGN_iC0sk9aevoR-h3u-mEnWLmXVf20LTtnTNBqiSAwI-E9g/s640/1651-+Christmas+in+MassBay.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Source: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sBswAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA119&lpg=PA119&dq=For+preventing+disorders+arising+in+several+places+within+this+jurisdiction,&source=bl&ots=A-gtHlRL43&sig=ACfU3U1u661xi09VqgW7rb3P3WneT8GFnQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiwwejb-s7mAhXCjp4KHaHSBnUQ6AEwDnoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=For%20preventing%20disorders%20arising%20in%20several%20places%20within%20this%20jurisdiction%2C&f=false">The
Charters and General Laws of the Colony and Province of Massachusetts<span style="font-style: normal;">.</span></a></i></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-style: normal;"> </span></i> </span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLfJPdwWfoRe4fvItqsrN2CKQD2biTRG6AyjjPTwYotGUvbanryl8B-HSnL1pb6u3XfqklTh2bmk6IGkGMHNhCPovKZ1liwgSS-XE9ll7UiwPUgnCDPLwd4WQhr2u52QcPju-oYkfPnhI/s1600/Christmas-1651-Public-Notice-puritans.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="500" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLfJPdwWfoRe4fvItqsrN2CKQD2biTRG6AyjjPTwYotGUvbanryl8B-HSnL1pb6u3XfqklTh2bmk6IGkGMHNhCPovKZ1liwgSS-XE9ll7UiwPUgnCDPLwd4WQhr2u52QcPju-oYkfPnhI/s400/Christmas-1651-Public-Notice-puritans.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Satanical practices! Woe, woe!</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The ordinance about Christmas is invariably listed between ordinances on gaming, dicing, and games of chance (bad, very bad!), so it might be reasonable to assume that one of the chief detractions of Christmas observance was not going to labor, not praying at home, and instead, getting intoxicated and gambling at the ordinaries. Ordinaries were licensed to sell beer and entertain travelers, and sometimes served as a community meetinghouse while church buildings were constructed. Gambling there was punishable by the same 5-shilling fine as celebrating Christmas.<b> </b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Were they dour and
austere all the time? </b></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
As I researched history and sociology for my own books, I
saw that Puritans had fun, drank alcohol (not to drunkenness), danced (not
mixed sexes), had competitions like shooting and sword play, cooking
and needlework, top skills or speed in building and construction, etc. They had
after-church potlucks particularly for the people who had come to the city from
smaller towns. They held concerts. They held harvest festivals and spring
planting parties, and when they slaughtered their stock in November, that was
hard work in smoking/cooking/drying the meat, as well as preserving the hides
and using the bones and tallow—followed by food and music. They had wedding
celebrations. They did like to party, but it was always with a religious, moral
aspect to it because that was a shared belief.<br />
</div>
</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBxfIc_1ZgZy1DI1IwoQHvuzfiDbQsqvHixoX5REMr88e7GdWbqVGD7mlPPlgwtDVW0I_7CACSYmjv59bVHjBbKiRJ9iE8CYvq1hEB8Zp8wi-CF86-ePumAqpaUbZEQCu1tAOOfpeNAtY/s1600/RI+Charter+1663.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="849" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBxfIc_1ZgZy1DI1IwoQHvuzfiDbQsqvHixoX5REMr88e7GdWbqVGD7mlPPlgwtDVW0I_7CACSYmjv59bVHjBbKiRJ9iE8CYvq1hEB8Zp8wi-CF86-ePumAqpaUbZEQCu1tAOOfpeNAtY/s400/RI+Charter+1663.jpg" width="211" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Rhode Island charter of 1663</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">But in Rhode Island?</b></span>
<br />
How did William and Mary Dyer, or William and Anne Hutchinson, or all their colleagues, friends, and family celebrate
religious holidays? <i>They almost certainly did not.</i> They came from a Puritan
background in the 1620s and 1630s, when they emigrated from England to Massachusetts,
which was a Puritan theocracy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They founded a secular democracy (a non-religious government) in Rhode
Island in 1638, and though they were dissenters to Puritanism, their culture
still did not include what they would have considered pagan or Catholic-origin
celebrations. In the 1640s, the Rhode Island Assembly, to which William Dyer
was secretary and recorder, met on December 25 to conduct quarterly business.
There was no mention of a holiday—it was just another winter day on which to
conduct colonial business. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Holy-day celebrations were restored in 1660, when King Charles
II was restored to the throne of Great Britain and the colonies, the Anglican church
and its <i>Book of Common Prayer</i> were accepted once more, and soon after, Rhode
Island was given its religious liberty in a new charter obtained from King
Charles. Along with their permission to worship (or not) as their conscience
dictated, there was a flowering of religious traditions: Anglican,
Congregational, Presbyterian, Lutheran, Quaker, Baptist, Antinomian, and soon,
Methodism and the many denominations of the 19th century.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxuavVp9cWeTyZKRrJkM0OCsZpw0HS0Ho6acgoUTugudwBbuIAIWYRkfgxfrGIBQp5juHJlBAWqkYbV4J8ww10GlGCEnjcWEgq_lnEbSVDM9wyjeoN23FlpCSPcJOHKRTcRqTus2o0Ges/s1600/Christmas+church.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="961" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxuavVp9cWeTyZKRrJkM0OCsZpw0HS0Ho6acgoUTugudwBbuIAIWYRkfgxfrGIBQp5juHJlBAWqkYbV4J8ww10GlGCEnjcWEgq_lnEbSVDM9wyjeoN23FlpCSPcJOHKRTcRqTus2o0Ges/s400/Christmas+church.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It would take many years for the stigma of paganism or
Roman Catholicism to be cast off of Christmas and Easter. Even in the 1970s, when I was a
teenager, my denomination, which originated in New England, frowned upon
Christmas trees and decorations in churches and homes, because of pagan origins
that had been adopted by other Christian denominations. We had Christmas hymns
in the hymnals, and choral performances of Handel’s <i>Messiah </i>because of its
biblical libretto, but choir anthems were few. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It’s only been in the last few decades that Christmas has
been embraced by most denominations as a family occasion where the gospel can
be presented to non-believers.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Whatever your traditions and beliefs are, religious or
secular, I wish for you peace, joy, health, and fulfilling relationships in the
year to come.</b> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>And now for a little Quaker humor in honor of Mary Barrett Dyer: </b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwppa_r2E2zuov642fLnRoFmIDKPLF5YFKj1RX3RdiidfsqS7b_U2Yh7jHVLpBdUAJlrLOV-wXAdd4gn4-gHxb9UZMl195wEri8bcBTG4EFiqnOfWsKYqK3VA6mT9jbxnlHOoXzN2ooAQ/s1600/Silent-Night-Quaker.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="560" data-original-width="800" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwppa_r2E2zuov642fLnRoFmIDKPLF5YFKj1RX3RdiidfsqS7b_U2Yh7jHVLpBdUAJlrLOV-wXAdd4gn4-gHxb9UZMl195wEri8bcBTG4EFiqnOfWsKYqK3VA6mT9jbxnlHOoXzN2ooAQ/s400/Silent-Night-Quaker.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">shortened link for this article: <a href="http://bit.ly/2SpKobX">http://bit.ly/2SpKobX</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;">***** </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimBhouTHNq1yUyynvaUxYElFwlTMjvpVxX0YVaiop2v3ME3lQ-qv0Mp74wRAn0LYfdOkPgR9pCao1w8kHoweqqmfTETaGV5on-0JCmA_yuJMq0uxT0lFQsRZTrgj_y-kTYTk3Q4lUocTE/s1600/2019-Christy-piano.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="935" data-original-width="909" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimBhouTHNq1yUyynvaUxYElFwlTMjvpVxX0YVaiop2v3ME3lQ-qv0Mp74wRAn0LYfdOkPgR9pCao1w8kHoweqqmfTETaGV5on-0JCmA_yuJMq0uxT0lFQsRZTrgj_y-kTYTk3Q4lUocTE/s200/2019-Christy-piano.jpg" width="194" /></a></div>
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Christy K Robinson</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> is author of
these books (click the colored title): </span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0828025053/sr=1-4/qid=1427858318/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1427858318&sr=1-4"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">We Shall Be Changed</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2010) </span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Illuminated-Dyers-1/dp/1492848034/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary Dyer Illuminated</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 1 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2013) </span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Such-Dyers-Volume/dp/1496026136/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_y"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary Dyer: For Such a Time as This</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 2 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/DYERS-London-Boston-Newport-Volume/dp/1500539465/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_z"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The Dyers of London, Boston, & Newport</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 3 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Effigy-Hunter-Christy-K-Robinson/dp/1516982509/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1443282537&sr=1-1&keywords=Effigy+Hunter%2C+by+Christy+K+Robinson"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Effigy Hunter</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2015) </span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0692190813/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_taft_p1_i7"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Anne Marbury Hutchinson: American Founding
Mother</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">
(2018)</span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">And of these sites:
</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Discovering
Love</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(inspiration and service)</span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Rooting
for Ancestors</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(history and genealogy)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;">William and Mary Barrett Dyer</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;">
(17th century culture and history of England and New England)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://editornado.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Editornado
[ed•i•tohr•NAY•doh]</span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> (Words. Communications. Book reviews.
Cartoons.)</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
Christy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-80911739191888170012019-12-09T23:23:00.001-07:002023-10-16T10:37:06.977-07:00Anne Marbury Hutchinson's church at Alford<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b class="amzn-taggable-text" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">© 2019 Christy K
Robinson </b></span> <br />
<br />
Anne Marbury (m. William Hutchinson of Alford) is the ancestor of millions of people over the last 400 years. She's also a pioneer of religious liberty in America, which makes her an honored "founding mother" to much of Western society.<br />
<br />
Her father, Francis Marbury, was vicar of Alford's St. Wilfrid church (in northeastern Lincolnshire) in the late 1500s, and when he was silenced for his non-conforming preaching, he taught school to the boys of Alford. His daughters were educated at home, and Anne was the recipient of his teachings in justice, logic, and spiritual matters, which she carried with her in the Bible classes she led in England, on the ship <i>Griffin</i> in 1634, and in New England. She defended herself in two trials: the first for sedition in the autumn of 1637, and the second in March 1638 for heresy. Anne Hutchinson was the catalyst for a large group of families who left Massachusetts Bay Colony and founded a new, civil body politick (a secular government) in Rhode Island.<br />
<br />
Two Facebook friends of mine, historian Adrian Gray, and Rev. Ros Latham, have provided photos of the church and schoolroom at Alford. <br />
<div class="_5pbx userContent _3576" data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-testid="post_message" id="js_d2">
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgThNTD0udCBC5vTaakmep1ged8JoSW5cNAm8OrkfS2aKRzzMu5xFfNKaBe1pslHi7WkZQkIsFrXr88Wzt3Ce7fE5ucHzMtQI3TgPfuDN_OsEKTK3zCEumOTiIGUlIeoccN3SUSiAjaoiQ/s1600/Francis+Marbury+school+room.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="917" data-original-width="960" height="610" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgThNTD0udCBC5vTaakmep1ged8JoSW5cNAm8OrkfS2aKRzzMu5xFfNKaBe1pslHi7WkZQkIsFrXr88Wzt3Ce7fE5ucHzMtQI3TgPfuDN_OsEKTK3zCEumOTiIGUlIeoccN3SUSiAjaoiQ/s640/Francis+Marbury+school+room.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Inside
the old school room above the church porch at Alford. It is claimed
that Captain John Smith of Virginia fame spent part of his education
here, possibly in the care of Francis Marbury - who was the father of
the very famous (in America) Anne Hutchinson, whose radical religious
views caused some chaos in Massachusetts. Anne certainly benefited from her father's
education and was unusually well educated for a woman of her
day....hence the trouble!<br /><br />Photo and caption by Adrian Gray, a Cambridge University historian, author, and manager of <br />Pilgrims and Prophets Heritage Tours. Used by permission.</span></i></td></tr>
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<br />
<br />
St. Wilfrid church is the center of the community in Alford, Lincolnshire, where Anne and William Hutchinson baptized their large brood of children, and where three of their children were buried. Many other Marbury and Hutchinson relatives lived and died at Alford over several generations. <br />
Church photos by Rev. Ros Latham, Priest in Charge, Alford group of churches. <br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpUGCg408phGxYF6oNwkOAXJou8MwFOZfCyUD8Iv7ogzCxP9oIjORWyMSaP58ladc37EomwqaH4q20pj0XTYp7ovM_j6aZLxGA4x3tHyaW8aH5nEQxIxgkPlTyCm1zNJgjBACDTnNKs5M/s1600/Alford+church+exterior.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="960" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpUGCg408phGxYF6oNwkOAXJou8MwFOZfCyUD8Iv7ogzCxP9oIjORWyMSaP58ladc37EomwqaH4q20pj0XTYp7ovM_j6aZLxGA4x3tHyaW8aH5nEQxIxgkPlTyCm1zNJgjBACDTnNKs5M/s640/Alford+church+exterior.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">St Wilfrid Church of England, south face of the church in Alford, Lincolnshire. The classroom is located over the south door at the center of the photo.<br />Photo by Rev. Ros Latham, used by permission.</span></i></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivNE5_ecWhtb9c7I2qgJtF7b7XOuOitY_-R9AmVsknV1lGs-941XV5XEV7ZD_Zrhv8M4Gr5M_-Bz2boy9Jv3IpNLR3kUkNjNjTuonn6wp44AzFuJ0y9v1i1aS17CcyfMIQMbw-QuMjeuM/s1600/Alford+porch.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="720" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivNE5_ecWhtb9c7I2qgJtF7b7XOuOitY_-R9AmVsknV1lGs-941XV5XEV7ZD_Zrhv8M4Gr5M_-Bz2boy9Jv3IpNLR3kUkNjNjTuonn6wp44AzFuJ0y9v1i1aS17CcyfMIQMbw-QuMjeuM/s640/Alford+porch.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The south porch and entrance door to St. Wilfrid's, with the classroom over the arch. <br />The south and west windows would have provided light for reading and writing. <br /></i><i>Photo by Rev. Ros Latham, used by permission.</i></span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
"The C16 gabled
south porch is surmounted by a parvise room. [Parvise is derived from "paradise" and means the space outside and around a church, particularly a room over a church porch.]<br />
It has moulded
plinth, stepped corner buttresses, moulded parapet with
pinnacles. The continuously moulded outer arch is 4 centred
with moulded hood. <b> The upper chamber</b> is lit by single 3 light
windows to the south and west, both with deep chamfered reveals.
In the porch is a cambered doorway in the west wall leading to
the parvise. The inner south doorway has engaged angle shafts
with floriate capitals and a filleted roll moulded head, moulded
hood with C19 stops. The door is contemporary with a design of
panel tracery to the upper part, and an ogee headed wicket with
early lock plate and latch." <br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Source: <a href="https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1063026">https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1063026</a> </span><br />
<br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjspC7B4sFMpwssa9kzyUaLU1Vn3Nl1Uz5mcvV9wtDY-de2VadWKjWOeqZrzYntqff-AWTcmsJ2rJaWxmgpqlt4rkNVZ_0sYw0OfEgSztJsXYzW1KNjx6nbNv4EXFQkKrH7drQjXwx2OMI/s1600/Alford+interior.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="720" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjspC7B4sFMpwssa9kzyUaLU1Vn3Nl1Uz5mcvV9wtDY-de2VadWKjWOeqZrzYntqff-AWTcmsJ2rJaWxmgpqlt4rkNVZ_0sYw0OfEgSztJsXYzW1KNjx6nbNv4EXFQkKrH7drQjXwx2OMI/s640/Alford+interior.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Church interior, facing east into the chancel, which was built starting in about 1289AD.<br />It would be fascinating to know who was buried beneath the tiles of this church, and how many <br />thousands of people were buried in the churchyard during various waves of plagues and epidemics. <br /></i><i>Photo by Rev. Ros Latham, used by permission.</i></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7516tTPwcC9t8khvMtFe7xlez8gQTYiC9Sa7N9Jw_izC-ff5kEDt-yrWqyhJo11Fb7DuUv3WIQnf7cJJ6dJfJI6pLqxsg7Y-tAQHKJFbPp7laNJS4N8CR4-j0t4gIu01J_IVlGuVFZZw/s1600/Hutchinson+cover+draft+3+copy.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1095" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7516tTPwcC9t8khvMtFe7xlez8gQTYiC9Sa7N9Jw_izC-ff5kEDt-yrWqyhJo11Fb7DuUv3WIQnf7cJJ6dJfJI6pLqxsg7Y-tAQHKJFbPp7laNJS4N8CR4-j0t4gIu01J_IVlGuVFZZw/s640/Hutchinson+cover+draft+3+copy.jpg" width="433" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Learn more about Anne Hutchinson's extraordinary life and legacy <br />in this contemporary biography by Christy K Robinson.</b><br />Click this link to the book at Amazon: <i><br /></i></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0692190813/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_taft_p1_i7"><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Anne Marbury Hutchinson: American Founding
Mother</span></i></a></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></span></td></tr>
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Christy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-52476588224924653502019-11-26T22:17:00.003-07:002019-12-02T19:55:38.099-07:00Breaking News! Author hawks own books for holidays! <span style="font-size: small;">You know that I've written <b>four
books on the Dyers and Hutchinsons</b>, and that I regularly post up-to-date
research in my history websites that have enlightened you about the
lives of those families, as well as their friends, foes, and culture.</span><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">If
you've already read the five-star-reviewed books, may I ask that you
purchase copies for your relatives and friends as gifts? They're
available on Amazon at <<a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://bit.ly/RobinsonAuthor" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://bit.ly/RobinsonAuthor</a>></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">Thank you for your support, which is much appreciated--and much needed.</span><br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggE3CIDjQUmWuaZzj6kjEHHSu548c1xmgiuACq84h2zlMQwkSgPBDQADjcQIL0zogcmVwtQXuPTWJX_12NyNO0nJF7flleF8JQ_46nRhmwL1gArAOfq6nD9fPaBanCiSlr0Hw0UMtVb5E/s1600/aa-Dyer+books.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1258" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggE3CIDjQUmWuaZzj6kjEHHSu548c1xmgiuACq84h2zlMQwkSgPBDQADjcQIL0zogcmVwtQXuPTWJX_12NyNO0nJF7flleF8JQ_46nRhmwL1gArAOfq6nD9fPaBanCiSlr0Hw0UMtVb5E/s640/aa-Dyer+books.jpg" width="500" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1J2FTFZqLzG8vvE1uArF14WpgGFxDk-wv6V2OA-VF8yqWv8PzqIJF1L9jyCVB67h3k3yHXtNali0ehZ7nU98ogs1SZLiCJiic9fN7rZlJtGZIctiX9bIe4KITNHSDoY_cgsS4qh0eo9Q/s1600/stars-5-0+not+blurry.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="67" data-original-width="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1J2FTFZqLzG8vvE1uArF14WpgGFxDk-wv6V2OA-VF8yqWv8PzqIJF1L9jyCVB67h3k3yHXtNali0ehZ7nU98ogs1SZLiCJiic9fN7rZlJtGZIctiX9bIe4KITNHSDoY_cgsS4qh0eo9Q/s1600/stars-5-0+not+blurry.jpg" /></a></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="602" data-original-width="603" height="638" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0xSIJfixEdzDY26BJ4xaQXyEwTeRzqMJ_70bpQ-LmyYAXo0vvt9JCgKtFOD9YOA6t8zCw90lMKFUNqWFYDAzgwsk4WewTbisOjyrqKUvn22aSga3ZgLfPZEAqOO3H2a5l-PZxAiJSroU/s640/aa-Hutchinson+card.jpg" width="640" /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Two more gift ideas! </b></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhew0xEz1eyzsLlV6y5MQ2JveUZoFPowENzk9b96WBWpFdtaQ5N7rHXDhA7JCSc5ijg0P8uhI3TpbtuQfX_AGK6D6cy9Ev3NJUPP5NP3IwHXWbO412djlPNvm6UPiFMcKcnXuHI5vPN6pQ/s1600/Dyer+letters-better.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="417" data-original-width="538" height="496" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhew0xEz1eyzsLlV6y5MQ2JveUZoFPowENzk9b96WBWpFdtaQ5N7rHXDhA7JCSc5ijg0P8uhI3TpbtuQfX_AGK6D6cy9Ev3NJUPP5NP3IwHXWbO412djlPNvm6UPiFMcKcnXuHI5vPN6pQ/s640/Dyer+letters-better.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>High resolution prints of letters written by William Dyer and Mary Barrett Dyer available singly or together, are here: <br /><a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/p/mary-dyer-1659-letter.html">https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/p/mary-dyer-1659-letter.html</a></b></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">Christy K Robinson</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> is author of
these books (click the colored title): </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0828025053/sr=1-4/qid=1427858318/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1427858318&sr=1-4"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">We Shall Be Changed</span></i></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">(2010) </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Illuminated-Dyers-1/dp/1492848034/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mary Dyer Illuminated</span></i></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Vol. 1 </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">(2013) </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Such-Dyers-Volume/dp/1496026136/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_y"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mary Dyer: For Such a Time as This</span></i></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Vol. 2 </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">(2014) </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/DYERS-London-Boston-Newport-Volume/dp/1500539465/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_z"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Dyers of London, Boston, & Newport</span></i></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Vol. 3 </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">(2014) </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Effigy-Hunter-Christy-K-Robinson/dp/1516982509/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1443282537&sr=1-1&keywords=Effigy+Hunter%2C+by+Christy+K+Robinson"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">Effigy Hunter</span></i></a><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">(2015) </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0692190813/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_taft_p1_i7"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">Anne Marbury Hutchinson: American Founding
Mother</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">
(2018)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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Christy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-21521576189666878912019-11-05T00:00:00.000-07:002019-11-11T18:10:39.287-07:00#OnThisDay in 1605: The Gunpowder Plot<span style="font-size: small;"><b class="amzn-taggable-text" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">© 2019 Christy K
Robinson </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b class="amzn-taggable-text" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<b>William Dyer and his father by the same name</b> had nothing to do with the Gunpowder Plot discovered on 5 November 1605. Indeed, William the son would not be born for another four years, and William the father was a young farmer whose first son would be born in 1607 in the village of Kirkby LaThorpe, Lincolnshire, located 100 miles north of all the action in London. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">If you're a descendant of <b>William and Anne Marbury Hutchinson</b>, they would have been teenagers living in London, and would have witnessed the civic unrest with their own eyes. <br /><br /><b>Mary Barrett</b> (later Dyer) and <b>Katherine Marbury</b> (later Scott), born in 1610 or 1611, and would have also witnessed the celebrations on the 5th of November as they grew up in London.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibkco9-4yPAOYGCPDX9xS2fugNnW0cC5iSYOEb6LgGT9JoUXXaqED47UJbLlWbeODSuxAu2r-t-JydHexCHZB2ebCXMkd2i67LR-qFK0w3Ld7LMI5XygtZTuH8uqIP4rkmpSn6muNBTtw/s1600/Gunpowder_Plot_conspirators.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="822" data-original-width="1600" height="328" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibkco9-4yPAOYGCPDX9xS2fugNnW0cC5iSYOEb6LgGT9JoUXXaqED47UJbLlWbeODSuxAu2r-t-JydHexCHZB2ebCXMkd2i67LR-qFK0w3Ld7LMI5XygtZTuH8uqIP4rkmpSn6muNBTtw/s640/Gunpowder_Plot_conspirators.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The <b>c</b>onspirators of the Gunpowder Plot in 1605, from a contemporary artist. </i></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;">But there are a few things we can learn about the culture from the story of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Fawkes" target="_blank"><b>Guy Fawkes and the Gunpowder Plot</b></a> to kill King James I and many members of Parliament, that relate to the Dyers. Guy Falkes was one of the conspirators in the plot, but not the ringleader. But his name has become the most famous over the past four centuries because of his confession given under torture, the hideous traitor's execution denied to the huge crowd by his last-minute suicidal leap from the platform, and the celebratory bonfire night that bears his name.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Fashions</b><br />Notice in the image above how all of the conspirators appeared: a tall hat with a floppy brim, large collars and multiple layers of heavy fabrics, and every man had a short, narrow beard (a goatee), a mustache, and hair that covered their ears and reached down to the their collars. I don't know if the artist drew from life, or if the faces were his own conception, but I suspect the latter. The treasonous conspirators all have a sharp weasel profile! But in clothing and hairstyle, the elder William Dyer surely would have appeared much as those men did.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7C6YSxE1VBhWb6VX1CQlEkCxoAoRXcqyzB_qO1l_NS5tx0GMVIs2RgF53WdOfhVvMd3LPp2hFu0VfHgWO4ghG-SXVXF3mlHBe9jEGQ_A05ikLErK4aMPSJoX92txRwJcB20Bd9-9ESKA/s1600/Tudor+monarchs.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="289" data-original-width="752" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7C6YSxE1VBhWb6VX1CQlEkCxoAoRXcqyzB_qO1l_NS5tx0GMVIs2RgF53WdOfhVvMd3LPp2hFu0VfHgWO4ghG-SXVXF3mlHBe9jEGQ_A05ikLErK4aMPSJoX92txRwJcB20Bd9-9ESKA/s640/Tudor+monarchs.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>King Henry VIII, and his children who became monarchs: Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I.</i></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Religious strife</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">After decades of religious upheaval under King Henry VIII, his son Edward VI, daughters Mary I and Elizabeth I, and now King James I, England had been torn to bits. On top of that, James had recently published the book <i>Daemonologie</i> that told how to identify witches and related them to Roman Catholic believers. The Gunpowder Plot was planned to kill King James and his family, and put his Catholic-leaning daughter on the throne instead. <br /><br />Nominally, the churches of England were Anglican, but the Separatists that included those who would become the Pilgrims (who moved first to the Netherlands and then to Plymouth, Massachusetts), and those who wanted to purify the Anglican Church of Catholic practices, who were called Puritans. My research indicates that William Dyer the younger was probably educated at what is now called <a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2015/06/william-dyers-boyhood.html" target="_blank"><b>Carre's Grammar School</b></a> in Sleaford, several miles from his home. The school's charter called for teachers and a headmaster who had been educated at Oxford or Cambridge, in the Church of England tradition. But the <a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2018/05/kirkby-la-thorpes-church-of-st-denys.html" target="_blank"><b>church of St. Denys in Kirkby LaThorpe</b></a> may have had a Puritan-leaning minister. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Climate change in the first decade of the 17th century</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">All over the world, the climate was cooling rapidly, but even more quickly in the first decade of the 1600s because of volcanic ash in South America. It happened in the middle of the <a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2011/09/little-ice-age-coldest-in-17th-century.html" target="_blank"><b>Little Ice Age</b></a> that ran from the 1300s to the late 1700s. Millions of people died in Russia, Europe, England, China, Africa, and elsewhere because of crop failure and famine which left people and animals weakened and susceptible to plagues that included the Black Death, diphtheria, smallpox, cholera, and dysentery. The odds were that William Dyer's crops were probably blighted by cold temperatures and flooded (or frozen) fens, and many of his domestic stock would have been slaughtered because they were too expensive to feed or keep warm in winter. On the other hand, country people usually fared better than those in towns and cities because they had better access to food and fuel. </span><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcfIKOZsX1PruM_cx3NO7yMnFanK13d2n2xqBTYMiJ-ZTC99C1zPTmSJcocG940YfOJMhBjsLJXXbuFi15QfREvddtJbbNZSUUmWwTrClLOjzmHe7fhiScOk0Cpnu41znL8ptPOzvmupI/s1600/Guy+Fawkes+mask.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="751" data-original-width="646" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcfIKOZsX1PruM_cx3NO7yMnFanK13d2n2xqBTYMiJ-ZTC99C1zPTmSJcocG940YfOJMhBjsLJXXbuFi15QfREvddtJbbNZSUUmWwTrClLOjzmHe7fhiScOk0Cpnu41znL8ptPOzvmupI/s200/Guy+Fawkes+mask.jpg" width="171" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">https://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/nov5/guy-fawkes-day/</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Guy Fawkes and Bonfire Night</b><br />On 5 November 1605, Londoners were encouraged to celebrate the King's
escape from assassination by lighting bonfires, provided that "this
testemonye of joy be carefull done without any danger or disorder."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observance_of_5th_November_Act_1605" title="Observance of 5th November Act 1605"> An Act of Parliament</a> designated each 5th of<span class="nowrap"> </span>November as a day of thanksgiving for "the joyful day of deliverance."<br /><br />The Act required church ministers to hold a special service of Thanksgiving
annually on 5 November, during which the text of the Act was to be read
out loud. Everyone was required to attend, and to remain orderly
throughout the service, although no penalties were prescribed for
breach. </span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: small;">"Many malignant and devilish Papists, Jesuits, and Seminary Priests,
much envying and fearing, conspired most horribly, when the King's most
excellent Majesty, the Queen, the Prince, and the Lords Spiritual and
Temporal, and Commons, should have been assembled in the Upper House of
Parliament upon the Fifth Day of November in the Year of our Lord One
thousand six hundred and five, suddenly to have blown up the said whole
House with Gunpowder : An Invention so inhuman, barbarous and cruel, as
the like was never before heard of... where sundry necessary and religious Laws for Preservation of the Church
and State were made, which they falsely and slanderously term Cruel
Laws, enacted against them and their Religion, both Places and Persons
should all be destroyed and blown up at once; which would have turned
to the utter Ruin of this whole Kingdom, had it not pleased Almighty
God, by inspiring the King's most excellent Majesty with a Divine
Spirit, to interpret some dark Phrases of a Letter showed to his
Majesty, above and beyond ordinary Construction, thereby miraculously
discovering this hidden Treason not many Hours before the appointed Time
for the Execution thereof."</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: small;"> The face mask we've often seen as a symbol of anarchy, resistance to authority, and political hackers is a depiction of Guy Fawkes. In England, the celebration of Bonfire Night is a civic holiday, with fireworks, and the burning of an effigy of Guy Fawkes on the bonfire. Toasted marshmallows and sausages cooked campfire-style are traditional foods. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">And
that is what we know that William Dyer, both father and son--and all
their countrymen in old England and new--would have heard and
experienced from November 5, 1606, to the ends of their lives. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">So there you have it: a slice-of-life for our English ancestors of the 17th century. </span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><style>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;">***** </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg92ZP9xXvH983zbSKST2NLVvjod2ov3j1jc-7SUsLJUDhP-TDK8FckxtU0Az3W2hpdDG_wjf6LKyYs3sDf2DSMuTTnNOXuCEj5Ih9nPUgETQa1cl81VBoSsiMZABjupmXO-6WvN4sQU7A/s1600/2019-08-24-Christy-TBN+interview.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="721" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg92ZP9xXvH983zbSKST2NLVvjod2ov3j1jc-7SUsLJUDhP-TDK8FckxtU0Az3W2hpdDG_wjf6LKyYs3sDf2DSMuTTnNOXuCEj5Ih9nPUgETQa1cl81VBoSsiMZABjupmXO-6WvN4sQU7A/s200/2019-08-24-Christy-TBN+interview.jpg" width="150" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Christy K Robinson</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> is author of
these books (click the colored title): </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0828025053/sr=1-4/qid=1427858318/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1427858318&sr=1-4"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">We Shall Be Changed</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2010) </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Illuminated-Dyers-1/dp/1492848034/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary Dyer Illuminated</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 1 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2013) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Such-Dyers-Volume/dp/1496026136/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_y"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary Dyer: For Such a Time as This</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 2 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/DYERS-London-Boston-Newport-Volume/dp/1500539465/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_z"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The Dyers of London, Boston, & Newport</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 3 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Effigy-Hunter-Christy-K-Robinson/dp/1516982509/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1443282537&sr=1-1&keywords=Effigy+Hunter%2C+by+Christy+K+Robinson"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Effigy Hunter</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2015) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0692190813/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_taft_p1_i7"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Anne Marbury Hutchinson: American Founding
Mother</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">
(2018)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">And of these sites:
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Discovering
Love</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(inspiration and service)</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Rooting
for Ancestors</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(history and genealogy)</span></div>
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<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;">William and Mary Barrett Dyer</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;">
(17th century culture and history of England and New England)</span></div>
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<a href="https://editornado.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Editornado
[ed•i•tohr•NAY•doh]</span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> (Words. Communications. Book reviews.
Cartoons.)</span></div>
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<br />
<br />Christy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-68761633540751697272019-10-27T00:00:00.001-07:002021-10-27T12:02:53.656-07:00#OnThisDay, 27 Oct 1659, Mary Dyer’s friends were hanged<style>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">© 2019 Christy K
Robinson</b>
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Perhaps because Mary Dyer had countless descendants in North
America, her sacrifice for religious liberty is better known than the Quakers
who were hanged as she stood nearby with a noose around her neck. Even in this
website that features the friends and enemies and culture surrounding William
and Mary Dyer, there’s been scant mention of the two innocent young men who went
to the gallows on Oct. 27, 1659.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYc2uzofXEY25RPyKT5JJnWlsMDnzg7qi2hdRmUrC2eUrl-D_Vc7PWON764ItQsIKlQomuWtT79LTcYZKMUOT1T0Kjsnzi6HxAmw3uSLKaMmu0ZoQ6Fg9oXroNwPcceTRiwpse0wNM_-s/s1600/gallows+for+three.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="188" data-original-width="236" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYc2uzofXEY25RPyKT5JJnWlsMDnzg7qi2hdRmUrC2eUrl-D_Vc7PWON764ItQsIKlQomuWtT79LTcYZKMUOT1T0Kjsnzi6HxAmw3uSLKaMmu0ZoQ6Fg9oXroNwPcceTRiwpse0wNM_-s/s400/gallows+for+three.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Photo: Lancashire Telegraph</i></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
William Robinson (no relation to this author) and Marmaduke Stevenson were men who left their comfortable, happy lives in England to come to New England because they believed God asked them to share their faith and endure persecution or even death to secure justice, security, and peace for others. Knowing that Massachusetts Bay Colony had viciously persecuted Baptists and Quakers, and had begun to write laws about beating, imprisoning, banishing, and executing for religious reasons, these men set their faces toward Boston to commit civil disobedience and call attention to religious barbarism.<br />
<br />
One might say that had they stayed in England another few years, they faced prison, beatings, epidemic plagues, and the Great Fire of London anyway. But to people of the seventeenth century, life was short, difficult, and uncertain, but it could be borne bravely with faith; and <i>eternal life</i> was both a state of mind and a future certainty to be eagerly grasped.</div>
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</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>William Robinson</b></span>
was a London merchant, a young man of education, successful in his affairs, and
possessed of a fine and lofty spirit, ready to endure to the death for his soul’s
vision of truth. Died by hanging with Yorkshire plowman, Marmaduke Stephenson,
October 27, 1659, at Boston. <span style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="https://archive.org/stream/quakersinamerica00joneuoft/quakersinamerica00joneuoft_djvu.txt">https://archive.org/stream/quakersinamerica00joneuoft/quakersinamerica00joneuoft_djvu.txt</a>
</span></div>
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Robinson had been one of the first Quaker missionaries to
come to America, having sailed on the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Woodhouse</i>
in 1657 with at least 11 or 12 others, for the purpose of evangelizing the
American colonies. As you see from his letter below, he traveled and preached
in Virginia and Maryland before focusing efforts on the zealously Puritan New
England.</div>
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While a prisoner in Boston’s “common jail,” William Robinson
wrote a letter to George Fox, founder of the Quaker movement, in England. The
letter was dated 12 July 1659. </div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU2Lc7KMfCwCw4vtIIYqsI9epT6eXa7rQwod0TTZyM5xEnFn37wbQrZLJtJ2reR3YNNLUCUR8KJ_onezi2b_7lsHmaQPCchL-o9SAba5ZX1iY9jzjMVrHexAU1hRd8Vr8n3k-92aM86n0/s1600/george-fox.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="539" data-original-width="810" height="132" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU2Lc7KMfCwCw4vtIIYqsI9epT6eXa7rQwod0TTZyM5xEnFn37wbQrZLJtJ2reR3YNNLUCUR8KJ_onezi2b_7lsHmaQPCchL-o9SAba5ZX1iY9jzjMVrHexAU1hRd8Vr8n3k-92aM86n0/s200/george-fox.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>George Fox, Quaker founder, as a<br />young man.</i></td></tr>
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<br />
FROM WILLIAM ROBINSON TO GEORGE FOX </div>
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G. F. </div>
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Oh! beloved of God, and highly
honored and esteemed among the children of the Lord, who has made you a father
unto thousands;<span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> and has
given you the spirit of wisdom and of understanding</span>. I was refreshed
when I was constrained to write, to give you an account of our travels and
labors in these countries. I who am one of the least among my brethren, having
been for some time in Virginia with Robert Hodgson and Christopher Holder,
where there are many people convinced; and some that are brought into the sense
and feeling of Truth in several places. We left Thomas Thurston a prisoner in a
place called Maryland; his sentence was to be kept a year and a day.</div>
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We came lately to Rhode Island
where we met with two of our brethren, named Peter Pearson and Marmaduke
Stevenson, in whom we were refreshed. Friends on the island were glad to see
us, and the honest-hearted were refreshed. </div>
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<br /></div>
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Peter Pearson and one William
Leddra, are prisoners in this country, at a town called Plymouth, as I did
understand by a letter I received from my brother Christopher Holder, who was
in service at a town called Salem, last week, some fifteen miles from Boston,
where I am now a prisoner, (with my brother Marmaduke Stevenson)<span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> for the
testimony of Jesus. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Soon
after I came to Rhode Island, the Lord commanded me to pass to Boston, to bear
my testimony against their persecution and to try their bloody law which they
have made, with laying down of my life, if they have power to take it from me.
For truly I am given up in my spirit into the hand of the Lord to do with me as
He sees fit; for verily, my life is laid down, and my spirit is freely given up
for the service of God, where he has called me. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
rulers, priests, and people, boast much in their hearts, that they have caused
some to flee, for they have banished six Friends upon threat of death from
their outward homes, which was at Salem, and they have stooped to them in
fleeing the cross in their departures. Three of them have gone towards
Barbados, and intend for England, it may be for London, whose names are Samuel
Shattock, Nicholas Phelps, and Josiah Southwick; Josiah's father and mother [Lawrence
and Cassandra Southwick] are passed to a place called Shelter Island, which
belongs to a Friend, one Nathaniel Silvester, who is a fine, noble man; and the
other of the six have gone to Rhode Island. </span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Oh!
God knows how near this went to me, when I heard that they had departed, and
the Lord soon laid it upon me to try their law; yes, on the same day that I
heard of their departure was I constrained, and soon made willing to give up my
life in order to try Boston's bloody laws. I was given up frequently in my
spirit into the Lord's will, even to finish my testimony for the Lord, against
the town of Boston. I was not aware of any Friend to go with me at that time,
but the Lord had compassion on me, seeing how willingly I was given up to do
his will, not counting my life dear to me, so that I might finish my course
with joy; and on the day following, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">the
Lord constrained my brother, Marmaduke Stevenson, to go along with me to Boston</b>,
who is freely given up to suffer with me for the seed's sake, who does dearly
salute you. </span></div>
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Oh! my dearly beloved,<span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> you who are
endued with power from on High; </span>who are of a quick discerning in the
fear of our God; Oh! remember us—let your prayers be put up unto the Lord God
for us, that his power and strength may rest with us and upon us; that,
faithful, we may be preserved to the end. Amen. </div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 12pt;">William Robinson</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">From the Common Jail in Boston, the
12th of the Fifth Mo. 1659 [12 July 1659]. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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Robinson wrote a paper to the Boston court which he was not
allowed to read, though he left his paper on a table there. In a letter he
wrote to his Quaker Friends, he said, <br />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
The streams of my Father's love run
daily through me, from <span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">the Holy
Fountain of Life</span>, to the seed throughout the whole creation. I am
overcome with love, for it is my life and length of my days; it is my glory and
my daily strength.— " </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
I am full of the quickening power
of the Lord Jesus Christ, and my lamp is filled with pure oil, so that it gives
a clear light and pleasant smell; and I shall enter with <span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">my beloved </span>into
eternal rest and peace, and I shall depart with everlasting joy in my heart,
and praises in my mouth, singing hallelujah unto the Lord,<span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> who has
redeemed me by his living power from among kindreds, tongues, and nations. </span>And
now the day of my departure draws near. <span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">I have fought
a good fight. I have kept the holy faith. I have near finished my course; my
travailing is near at an end. My testimony is near to be finished, and an eternal
crown is laid up for me,</span> and for all <span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">whose feet
are shod with righteousness, and the preparation of peace, </span>even such<span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> whose names
are written in the book of life</span>, wherein I live and rejoice with all
the faithful for evermore. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
Written by a servant of Jesus
Christ, </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
William Robinson </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
The 23rd of the Eighth Month
(October 23], 1659.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmYoR9ad4ccGbUlCDeRpe4q4NJggYkB-IoTfhHI8LgRU5WEP3jCz7TLL2pqHpi0a78CCWjhouKmA2yCG2lLUESxSJ-AZ9ArQxhlAB56xqsXwEg4ths9G8k3Qhro8gpIqdddcVcNiJ6BNg/s1600/ploughman%252C+Old+Farmers+Almanac+1794.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="276" data-original-width="400" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmYoR9ad4ccGbUlCDeRpe4q4NJggYkB-IoTfhHI8LgRU5WEP3jCz7TLL2pqHpi0a78CCWjhouKmA2yCG2lLUESxSJ-AZ9ArQxhlAB56xqsXwEg4ths9G8k3Qhro8gpIqdddcVcNiJ6BNg/s400/ploughman%252C+Old+Farmers+Almanac+1794.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Marmaduke Stevenson</b></span>
was a plowman from Shipton, Yorkshire, about five miles northwest of York. He became “convinced” of the Quaker
ideology, and left his family (his “dear and loving wife and tender children”) to
the care of the Lord. He followed the call to go first to Barbados in June
1658, and then to Massachusetts to share the Light. Only 16 months later, he
would die on the Boston gallows, but joyfully, as an ordained “prophet to the
nations.” </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This is his “manifesto” letter, probably dictated to William
Robinson in the Boston jail: </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
In the beginning of the year 1655,
I was at the plough, in the east parts of Yorkshire, in Old England, near the
place where my outward being was, and as I walked after the plough, I was
filled with the love and presence of the living God, which did ravish my heart
when I felt it; for it did increase and abound in me like a living stream, so
did the love and life of God run through me like precious ointment, giving a
pleasant smell, which made me to stand still; and as I stood a little still,
with my heart and mind stayed on the Lord, <span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">the word of
the Lord came to me in a still small voice,</span> which I did hear
perfectly, saying to me in the secret of my heart and conscience,—I have
ordained you a prophet unto the nations.—And at the hearing of the word of the
Lord, I was put to a stand, being that I was but a child for such a weighty
matter. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
So at the time appointed, Barbados
was set before me, unto which I was required of the Lord to go, and leave my
dear and loving wife, and tender children; for the Lord said unto me
immediately by his Spirit,<span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> that he
would be as a husband to my wife,</span> and as a father to my children,
and they should not want in my absence, for he would provide for them when I
was gone. And I believed that the Lord would perform what he had spoken,
because I was made willing to give up myself to his work and service, <span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">to leave all
and follow him</span>, whose presence and life is with me, where I rest in
peace and quietness of spirit, (with my dear brother), <span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">under the
shadow of his wings, </span>who has made us willing to lay down our lives
for his own name sake, if unmerciful men are allowed to take them from us; and
if they do,<span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> we know we
shall have peace and rest with the Lord forever in his holy habitation, when
they shall have torment night and day.</span> So, in obedience to the
living God, I made preparation to pass to Barbados in the Fourth month [June],
1658. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
So, after I bad been some time on
the said island in the service of God, I heard that New England had made a law
to put the servants of the living God to death, if they returned after they
were sentenced away, which did come near me at that time; and as I considered
the thing, and pondered it in my heart, immediately came the word of the Lord unto
me, saying, “You know not but that you may go there." But I kept this word
in my heart, and did not declare it to any until the time appointed. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
So, after that, a vessel was made
ready for Rhode Island, which I passed in. So, after a little time that I had
been there, visiting the seed [other Quakers] which the Lord has blessed, the
word of the Lord came unto me, saying, 'Go to Boston with your brother William
Robinson.' And at his command I was obedient, and gave up myself to do his
will, that so his work and service may be accomplished: for he has said unto
me, that he has a great work for me to do; which is now come to pass. For
yielding obedience to, and obeying the voice and command of, the ever-living
God, who created heaven and earth, and the fountains of waters, do I, with my
dear brother, suffer outward bonds unto our death. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
And this is given forth to be upon
record, that all people may know, who hear it, that we came not in our own
wills, but in the will of God. Given forth by me, who am known to men by the
name of </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
Marmaduke Stevenson, </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
But having a new name given me, which the world knows not of, written in the Book of Life.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
Written in Boston prison, in the
8th Month [October], 1659. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
By the words and tone of their letters, you can see that
Robinson and Stevenson were kind and loving people, whose devotion to God
and commitment to their cause (pushback against the theocratic laws about
Quakers) was bone-deep. As is often the case, persecution brings about a sense
of pity in on-lookers, and an examination of why the persecuted people are so
willing to be flogged, fined, imprisoned, and even killed. The persecution of
Quakers was driving interest in their faith and their ability to patiently
endure suffering. See my article, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2012/01/they-delight-to-be-persecuted.html">They
delight to be persecuted</a>,</b> in this site.<br />
<br />
Robinson, Stevenson, and Mary Dyer had been arrested and imprisoned more than once, and through the advocacy of Mary's husband William, they'd been released with a sentence of banishment-on-pain-of-death if they returned to the colony. They defied that sentence, knowing their deaths could be the catalyst of religious freedom for others, and conspicuously returned to Boston. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The day of the execution</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
According to a Quaker prisoner, on the morning of Thursday,
October 27, the execution day, a large crowd assembled at the prison where
Robinson and Stevenson (and numerous other Quakers) were being held. Robinson
preached through his barred window, encouraging Quakers and exhorting Puritans.
Captain Oliver, in charge of public security, could not control the crowd
outside, so he went inside the prison, yanked Robinson and Stevenson down, and
threw them into a “hole,” presumably a tiny and remote dungeon cell. Mary Dyer
was collected from the House of Correction, a separate prison from where many
of the other Quakers were held. See my article, <a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2015/10/bostons-prison-during-dyer-years.html" target="_blank"><b>Boston's prison during the Dyer years.</b></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnOCKGvYYEWg8znn1zzYaYDe7OVsYJUH_MFu0Gz6qWaS7Gq0FMJCJ7NpUYCShlsTlzGQNTwXTfSXyCazC32d9tB-tGux2tdh8TdwAIL0wTqlDBYPjXTTYIeI9mYNKQ1SX3-Z8R474In2A/s1600/Pike+and+musket.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1049" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnOCKGvYYEWg8znn1zzYaYDe7OVsYJUH_MFu0Gz6qWaS7Gq0FMJCJ7NpUYCShlsTlzGQNTwXTfSXyCazC32d9tB-tGux2tdh8TdwAIL0wTqlDBYPjXTTYIeI9mYNKQ1SX3-Z8R474In2A/s400/Pike+and+musket.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Pikes (long spears) and muskets. <br />Photo by <a class="owner-name truncate" data-track="attributionNameClick" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/ckhowley/" title="Go to Colin Howley's photostream">Colin Howley on Flickr</a> Licensing by Creative Commons</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Once order was restored, with more than a hundred pikemen and musketeers (militia
with spears and muskets) guarding them, the three prisoners were marched over
the rough ground of the Common (an animal pasture at the time—not a lovely park
like it is today) because the streets were clogged with people who potentially
could free the prisoners or harm the officials in a riot. They walked “with drums
and colors, and halberds, guns, swords and pikes, besides many horsemen.'' (Interesting site about pike warfare <a href="http://earlofmanchesters.co.uk/pike-3/" target="_blank">HERE</a>.)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Drums beat loudly to drown the voices of the Quakers as they
walked the mile from the center of the town to the gallows at the narrow
isthmus outside the Boston town gate. In a show of mutual support, Mary took
the hands of Robinson and Stevenson as they walked, something she had done in 1638 in Boston, when her friend and mentor, Anne Hutchinson, had been declared a heretic and banished from the colony. Again, Mary Dyer was reviled for her support, and
for the intimacy of physical touch, by the marshal. <br />
<br />
"Are you not ashamed to walk thus between two young men?" (Mary was
about 48 years old, a respectable wife and mother of six, and the young men were probably in their twenties.) "No,”
answered Mary, "This is to me an hour of the greatest joy I ever had
in this world. No ear can hear, no tongue can utter, and no heart can understand, the sweet
incomes and the refreshments of the Spirit of the Lord, which I now feel."</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSH7x2uzqgmwz20y4LYHuPeEuo99KBXjtXo0y1jKF0QURp1dgsRz90_ZA3k7lP44zcLr9Y8KCQfPVcuOhUE5MqSUn4E4GuF_Js4bcI-76Z2pDK2i4ygfRCIS4vvYb0sQ_bNdSGjKf7QPo/s1600/Boston+town+gallows--Winsser.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="469" data-original-width="644" height="465" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSH7x2uzqgmwz20y4LYHuPeEuo99KBXjtXo0y1jKF0QURp1dgsRz90_ZA3k7lP44zcLr9Y8KCQfPVcuOhUE5MqSUn4E4GuF_Js4bcI-76Z2pDK2i4ygfRCIS4vvYb0sQ_bNdSGjKf7QPo/s640/Boston+town+gallows--Winsser.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Notice the two posts and crossbeam gallows on the far left of the image. <br />That's the execution site outside the fortified gate to Boston, on Boston Neck. <br />Orange Street was the north-south road between Boston and Roxbury.</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When the parade of militia, condemned prisoners, magistrates
and ministers reached the gallows, Rev. John Wilson, senior minister of Boston
First Church, taunted the Quakers, and by his words and actions there, almost
danced with excitement. One historian noted that Wilson made a song about the
two dead Quakers. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As many followers of this site know, Mary Dyer was reprieved
of her death sentence after standing on the gallows ladder with her hands and
feet bound and the noose on her neck, and she was returned to the jail. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Robinson’s and Stevenson’s bodies were cut down from the
high crossbeam, and they fell to the ground below, where Robinson’s skull was
fractured on impact. In the custom of the time, their bodies were stripped
naked and they were thrown into a pit to decompose or be torn by animals or
birds. One of the Quakers left back at the prison had brought fabric for
shrouds, but this dignity was not afforded the hanged men. The land of Boston
Neck being only a few feet above sea level and surrounded by marshes, the pit
filled with tidewater, which hastened decomposition. The public display of
their nude bodies was meant to be a warning and lesson to travelers who passed
by, that sedition and heresy were not tolerated in the Holy City. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When the crowd of thousands returned to their homes after
the grisly spectacle, they passed over a drawbridge to the north of Boston. I
discovered in a court record that some months earlier, the infrastructure
of roads and bridges was reported to be in dangerous condition, but the Boston
magistrates refused to fund the repairs. Instead, they awarded land grants to
some of their members. (Not to be too political, but this still happens today!)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
On that day, October 27, as a large crowd of people were walking on
the drawbridge, </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
“one end of it fell upon some, and
several were hurt, especially a wicked woman, who had reviled both Quakers that
were hung; but now she was so bruised, that her flesh rotted from her bones,
which made such a noisome stink, that people could not endure to be with her;
in which miserable condition she remained till she died. But the magistrates,
instead of taking notice of this, grew more hardened.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />Despite all the persecution, oppression, and torture the early Quakers endured (and sometimes sought, to clear the way for others), Quaker historian William Sewel wrote:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
For the more you strive with the Lord, and oppress his People, the more will
they multiply and grow stronger and stronger, and you shall wax weaker and
weaker, and your Works all be your heavy Burden,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for Life and Immortality is risen, and the Power of God is stirring
in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the Hearts of Thousands, and
Light, Understanding (the excellent Spirit which was in Daniel) is breaking
forth like the Lightning. </div>
</div>
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<br />
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Sources: </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Jones, Rufus M., <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Quakers in the American
Colonies, </i>London 1911. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Bowden, James, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The History of the Society
of Friends in America</i>, London 1850. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Sewel,
William, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The history of the rise,
increase, and progress, of the Christian people called Quakers: intermixed with
several remarkable occurrences</i>, Philadelphia 1728.</span></div>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10pt;">*****<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaVO3omuju1WA_u_MLHDfsA0lqAKgwAjFslmCTz6YnmXueYOGhyP-bdPLeli-L14HkwX-Ogjv6Oa2yol-4xcGmhXBm4XfcvIV9ufTGi97q2IEEt0tB9k-cxBCGwyXQ-UUSjPAUmIyaxxI/s1600/Christy%252C+Dyer+scarf.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="435" data-original-width="369" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaVO3omuju1WA_u_MLHDfsA0lqAKgwAjFslmCTz6YnmXueYOGhyP-bdPLeli-L14HkwX-Ogjv6Oa2yol-4xcGmhXBm4XfcvIV9ufTGi97q2IEEt0tB9k-cxBCGwyXQ-UUSjPAUmIyaxxI/s200/Christy%252C+Dyer+scarf.jpg" width="169" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Christy K Robinson, wearing a scarf<br />she had made from an image of<br />of Mary Dyer's handwriting<br />from Oct. 26, 1659.</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt; margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Christy K Robinson</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> is author of
these books (click the colored title): </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt; margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0828025053/sr=1-4/qid=1427858318/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1427858318&sr=1-4"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">We Shall Be Changed</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2010) </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt; margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Illuminated-Dyers-1/dp/1492848034/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary Dyer Illuminated</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 1 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2013) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt; margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Such-Dyers-Volume/dp/1496026136/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_y"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary Dyer: For Such a Time as This</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 2 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt; margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/DYERS-London-Boston-Newport-Volume/dp/1500539465/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_z"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The Dyers of London, Boston, & Newport</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 3 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt; margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Effigy-Hunter-Christy-K-Robinson/dp/1516982509/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1443282537&sr=1-1&keywords=Effigy+Hunter%2C+by+Christy+K+Robinson"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Effigy Hunter</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2015) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt; margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0692190813/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_taft_p1_i7"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Anne Marbury Hutchinson: American Founding
Mother</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">
(2018)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt; margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt; margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">And of these sites:
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt; margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Discovering
Love</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(inspiration and service)</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt; margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Rooting
for Ancestors</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(history and genealogy)</span></div>
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<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10pt;">William and Mary Barrett Dyer</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10pt;">
(17th century culture and history of England and New England)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://editornado.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10pt;">Editornado
[ed•i•tohr•NAY•doh]</span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10pt;"> (Words. Communications. Book reviews.
Cartoons.)</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
Christy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-55006255024720973522019-10-22T18:00:00.000-07:002019-10-28T00:06:19.202-07:00Video--Mary Dyer's letter of October 26, 1659<style>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">© 2019 Christy K Robinson</b></div>
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<br />
The episode where I record my <i>first video</i> for the Dyer website.<br />
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On the 26th of October, 1659, Mary Barrett Dyer was kept in solitary confinement in a Boston prison cell, condemned to die by hanging because she had repeatedly defied the banishment-on-pain-of-death orders from the Boston theocracy headed by Gov. John Endecott, Gov. Richard Bellingham, Rev. John Norton and Rev. John Wilson of Boston First Church, colonial secretary Edward Rawson, and others. She had been visited, in an attempt to "save her soul," by the unfriendly, cold and fundamentalist ministers Zechariah Symmes and John Norton she had known since the 1630s, when they prosecuted her beloved friend and mentor, Anne Hutchinson.<br />
<br />
Mary didn't know that the next day, the 27th, she would be reprieved from death because of the intervention of her husband (Rhode Island attorney general William Dyer), her son William, the governor of Acadia, Connecticut Gov. John Winthrop Jr., and the Massachusetts theocracy who feared insurrection.<br />
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Mary was executed on June 1 the next spring, after she forced the hand of the Boston government. But in late October, 1659, she fully expected to go to her death to call attention to the cruel persecution of Quakers and Baptists who refused to bow to the Puritan masters of Massachusetts. So, in the custom of some Quakers and condemned prisoners, Mary Barrett Dyer sat down to write a letter (a manifesto) about how the authorities weren't killing her--she was laying down her life to call attention to the plight of those oppressed by state religion.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgykyzzbd0ltSQ0AaMU3eew5phXl8CdnibwlLqHLZXFqCutY707WFh-C5Rn4qH4CLc7wW-wEvrGB3kWR7_Wy2xC9mqSLOaQGOsk-ZmTpx1H1VNLqYgF5PGgj8JGur0cXhfHADwY36wutGU/s1600/Dyer+letters-better.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="417" data-original-width="538" height="496" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgykyzzbd0ltSQ0AaMU3eew5phXl8CdnibwlLqHLZXFqCutY707WFh-C5Rn4qH4CLc7wW-wEvrGB3kWR7_Wy2xC9mqSLOaQGOsk-ZmTpx1H1VNLqYgF5PGgj8JGur0cXhfHADwY36wutGU/s640/Dyer+letters-better.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Photo by Christy K Robinson</i></td></tr>
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This video describes Mary's letter written the night before she thought she would be hanged, and the way that it was used after her death to stop religious executions in New England. <br />
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<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/f3M8tkkdOKA" width="640"></iframe><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRdb0TlF-meCT6PU3EP4NQaJcaD2A7b2b5M9kcUIr0dB-UCdBko3BV6bkLqQXj-d0HtUs3PZc_pasZiULBy2YiRurY41t15ETj9RttKZbjk3Fei89-uWPPGztBX3y8O6SUlW5ujyymr2Q/s1600/IMG_0969.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1307" data-original-width="1600" height="522" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRdb0TlF-meCT6PU3EP4NQaJcaD2A7b2b5M9kcUIr0dB-UCdBko3BV6bkLqQXj-d0HtUs3PZc_pasZiULBy2YiRurY41t15ETj9RttKZbjk3Fei89-uWPPGztBX3y8O6SUlW5ujyymr2Q/s640/IMG_0969.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
You may purchase high-resolution reproductions of William Dyer's and Mary Dyer's <br />
handwritten letters here in this site: </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/p/mary-dyer-1659-letter.html">https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/p/mary-dyer-1659-letter.html</a> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;">***** </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUSjcxZVQ5F-KFXYImS4RdOEnjfcay_ar3_biPxJNwlHV_jHZ9Lxf0OksPzprrcXlNRIr_N13sBgljQNL7lnDIET37xZ3XFqBRj1W36VoRiNHAAdHAz4D4TUnsQoenn-WTYcwMochn3Rc/s1600/2019.10.26.+Dyer+letter+360th+anniversary.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1160" data-original-width="1544" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUSjcxZVQ5F-KFXYImS4RdOEnjfcay_ar3_biPxJNwlHV_jHZ9Lxf0OksPzprrcXlNRIr_N13sBgljQNL7lnDIET37xZ3XFqBRj1W36VoRiNHAAdHAz4D4TUnsQoenn-WTYcwMochn3Rc/s320/2019.10.26.+Dyer+letter+360th+anniversary.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Christy K Robinson</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> is author of these books (click the colored title): </span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0828025053/sr=1-4/qid=1427858318/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1427858318&sr=1-4"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">We Shall Be Changed</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2010) </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Illuminated-Dyers-1/dp/1492848034/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary Dyer Illuminated</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 1 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2013) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Such-Dyers-Volume/dp/1496026136/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_y"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary Dyer: For Such a Time as This</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 2 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/DYERS-London-Boston-Newport-Volume/dp/1500539465/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_z"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The Dyers of London, Boston, & Newport</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 3 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Effigy-Hunter-Christy-K-Robinson/dp/1516982509/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1443282537&sr=1-1&keywords=Effigy+Hunter%2C+by+Christy+K+Robinson"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Effigy Hunter</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2015) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0692190813/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_taft_p1_i7"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Anne Marbury Hutchinson: American Founding Mother</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> (2018)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">And of these sites: </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Discovering Love</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(inspiration and service)</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Rooting for Ancestors</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(history and genealogy)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;">William and Mary Barrett Dyer</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> (17th century culture and history of England and New England)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://editornado.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Editornado [ed•i•tohr•NAY•doh]</span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> (Words. Communications. Book reviews. Cartoons.)</span></div>
<br />Christy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-92021862444044888082019-10-18T00:00:00.000-07:002019-10-21T23:53:34.944-07:00#OnThisDay 18 October 1659<style>
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<br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">© 2019 Christy K
Robinson</b>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">“She
is to be forthwith executed.” </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0RchL_wAcRhh-BZy60mZvMZHBQH3nIswUWR6x588yvUyQ8hhzB71kLIkWtBUUKt1ATwGm8y1Hlg0TsjXUeYAncjjg72MtOrlegSVihUB94m3ylB_uMiujJoNdvaRlTa2qleFPeYyOfDw/s1600/17th+century+woman+hanging.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="350" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0RchL_wAcRhh-BZy60mZvMZHBQH3nIswUWR6x588yvUyQ8hhzB71kLIkWtBUUKt1ATwGm8y1Hlg0TsjXUeYAncjjg72MtOrlegSVihUB94m3ylB_uMiujJoNdvaRlTa2qleFPeYyOfDw/s400/17th+century+woman+hanging.jpg" width="350" /></a></div>
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It was a fix. </div>
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Many books and articles have been written that say that Mary
Dyer was to be executed by hanging on the 27<sup>th</sup> of October, 1659.
That’s what she believed, and that’s what her husband William believed. When
their son, William Dyer the younger, perhaps 18 or 19 years old at the time,
arrived with a reprieve at the moment Mary stood on the gallows ladder, it was
a moment of dramatic theater. <br />
<br />
But it was staged. <br />
<br />
On Tuesday, the 18<sup>th</sup> of October, a small group of leaders of the
Boston government had decided Mary’s fate and how it would all play out for the
thousands of spectators who came out for the hanging of three Quakers. We know
this from the Colonial Records of 18 October 1659, which I have modernized for
spelling and to correct scanning blips. </div>
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<br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">“It is ordered that the said
Mary Dyer shall have liberty for forty-eight hours to depart out of this
Jurisdiction, after which time, being found therein, she is to be forthwith
executed. And it is further ordered that she shall be carried to the place of
execution and there to stand upon the Gallows with a rope about her neck until
the Rest be executed; and then to return to the prison and remain as
aforesaid.”</span></i></b></div>
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Gov. Endecott and his court had no intention of hanging Mary
at this time, since her freedom had been urgently sought by the governor of
Nova Scotia and Acadia (Maine), by Gov. John Winthrop Jr. of Connecticut
("as on his knees"), her teenaged son William Dyer, and her husband
William Dyer, the attorney general of Rhode Island. </div>
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Making a martyr out of this lovely, educated, well-connected
woman would be a terrible mistake, and the officials knew it well. Executing
the two young men, repeat offenders with their defiance of banishment orders
and their proselytizing of beliefs up and down the cities of the Bay, might be
justified, and could serve as a deterrent to those who would stand up to
authority; but a woman who almost certainly did not preach, but supported her
Quaker friends as called to do in the Gospel of Matthew (chapter 25)—no, that
would be a disaster of public relations and could bring violent protest and
political insurrection. They really, really, really wanted Mary Dyer to go back
to Rhode Island and shut up. As they later wrote in a lengthy tract trying to
justify and vindicate their actions, the magistrates believed that “the sparing
of Mary Dyer upon an inconsiderable intercession, will manifestly evince [that]
we desire their life absent rather then their death present.”</div>
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So the court came up with this little morality play by which
they hoped to frighten Mary Dyer into her predetermined subjugated-woman role,
most proper in their Calvinist eyes. Let’s hang her friends, and pretend we’re
about to hang her, then we’ll be seen to show tender mercy to the little woman
so her boy can take her home.</div>
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<br /></div>
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“It is ordered, that Wm Robinson,
Marmaduke Stephenson, & Mary Dyer, Quakers, now in prison for their rebellion,
sedition, & presumptuous obtruding themselves upon us, notwithstanding their
being sentenced to banishment on pain of death, as underminers of this government,
&c, shall be brought before this Court for their trials, to suffer the
penalty of the law, (the just reward of their transgression,) on the morrow
morning, being the nineteenth of this instant. Wm Robinson, Marmaduke
Stephenson, & Mary Dyer, banished this jurisdiction by the last Court of Assistants
on pain of death, being committed by order Robinson of the General Court, were
sent for, brought to the bar, acknowledged themselves to be the persons
banished. After a full hearing of what the prisoners could say for themselves,
it was put to the question, whither Wm Robinson, Marmaduke Stevenson, &
Mary Dyer, the persons now in prison, who have been convicted for Quakers,
& banished this jurisdiction on pain of death, should be put to death according
as the law provides in that case. The Court resolved this question on the affirmative;
and ye Governor [John Endecott], in open Court, declared the sentence to Wm Robinson,
it was brought to ye bar: </div>
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<br /></div>
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“Wm Robinson, you shall go from
hence to the place from whence you came, & from thence to the place of
execution, & there hang till you be dead.”</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
The like sentence the Governor, in
open Court, pronounced against Marmaduke Stephenson & Mary Dyer, being
brought to ye bar one after another, in ye same words.</div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">"Whereeas
Wm Robinson, Marmaduke Stephenson, & Mary Dyer are Order require sentenced by
this Court to death for their rebellion, &c, it is ordered, that the
secretary [Rawson] issue out his warrant to Edward Michelson, marshal general,
repairing to the prison on the twenty seventh of this instant October, &
take the said William Robinson, Marmaduke Stephenson, & Mary Dyer into his
custody, & then forthwith, by the aide of Capt James Oliver with one
hundred soldiers, taken out by his order proportionably out of each company in Boston,
completely armed with pike, & musketeers, with powder & bullet, to lead
them to the place of execution, & there see them hang till they be dead, and
in their going, being there, & return, to see all things be carried <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>peaceably & orderly.”</i> </div>
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<br /></div>
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Warrants issued out accordingly. </div>
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It is ordered, that the Reverend Mr
Zechariah Symmes & John Norton repair to the prison, & tender their
endeavors to make the prisoners sensible of their approaching danger by the
sentence of this Court, & prepare them for their approaching ends. </div>
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Rev. Zechariah Symmes had emigrated on the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Griffin</i> with Anne Hutchinson’s family in
1634, had publicly criticized Anne, and he had been one of the inquisitors at
the Hutchinson trials for sedition and heresy in the fall and spring of
1637-38. Symmes was well-acquainted with Mary Dyer, the mother of a “monster”
miscarriage that proved God’s judgment on Mary’s heresy in following Anne
Hutchinson. Symmes was sure to look on Mary Dyer with distaste and disapproval,
even 21 years later.</div>
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Rev. John Norton had arrived in Boston just as Anne
Hutchinson was tried for heresy, and Mary Dyer had taken Anne’s hand in support,
which exposed Mary to the community as the woman who had given birth to the
“monster,” a premature fetus with no brain, and spina bifida. In 1652, on the
death of Rev. John Cotton, he succeeded as the Teacher of Boston’s First
Church.</div>
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“Tendering their endeavors” would not have been at all
tender, as we know it in modern terms. </div>
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<br /></div>
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Whereas Mary Dyer is condemned by
the General Court to be executed for her offences, on the petition of William Dyer,
her son, it is ordered, that the said Mary Dyer shall have liberty for forty-eight
hours after this day to depart out of this jurisdiction, after which time,
being found therein, she is forthwith to be executed, & in the meantime
that she be kept close prisoner till her Son or some other be ready to carry her
away within the aforesaid time; and it is further ordered, that she shall be
carried to the place of execution, & there to stand upon the gallows, with
a rope about her neck, till the rest be executed, & then to return to the
prison & remain as aforesaid.</div>
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<br /></div>
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It is ordered, that thirty-six of
the soldiers be ordered by Capt. Oliver to remain in & about the town as sentinels
to preserve the peace of the place while the rest go to the execution. </div>
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The magistrates feared an insurrection by the citizens of
Massachusetts Bay Colony, of whom thousands of people were in the city for the
quarterly court business and legislative matters. Thirty-six soldiers were
ordered to remain in the town of Boston to keep order while the prisoners and
execution officials were taken by 100 pikemen and musketeers to the gallows on
Boston Neck, just outside the fortified gate to the town. The plan to guard
Boston—and the magistrates themselves—required advance orders. </div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;">Source for the colonial records above:
</span><style>
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</style><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://ia600302.us.archive.org/34/items/recordsofgoverno41mass/recordsofgoverno41mass.pdf">http://ia600302.us.archive.org/34/items/recordsofgoverno41mass/recordsofgoverno41mass.pdf</a></span>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">***** </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg92ZP9xXvH983zbSKST2NLVvjod2ov3j1jc-7SUsLJUDhP-TDK8FckxtU0Az3W2hpdDG_wjf6LKyYs3sDf2DSMuTTnNOXuCEj5Ih9nPUgETQa1cl81VBoSsiMZABjupmXO-6WvN4sQU7A/s1600/2019-08-24-Christy-TBN+interview.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="721" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg92ZP9xXvH983zbSKST2NLVvjod2ov3j1jc-7SUsLJUDhP-TDK8FckxtU0Az3W2hpdDG_wjf6LKyYs3sDf2DSMuTTnNOXuCEj5Ih9nPUgETQa1cl81VBoSsiMZABjupmXO-6WvN4sQU7A/s200/2019-08-24-Christy-TBN+interview.jpg" width="150" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Christy K Robinson</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> is author of
these books (click the colored title): </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0828025053/sr=1-4/qid=1427858318/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1427858318&sr=1-4"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">We Shall Be Changed</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2010) </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Illuminated-Dyers-1/dp/1492848034/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary Dyer Illuminated</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 1 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2013) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Such-Dyers-Volume/dp/1496026136/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_y"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary Dyer: For Such a Time as This</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 2 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/DYERS-London-Boston-Newport-Volume/dp/1500539465/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_z"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The Dyers of London, Boston, & Newport</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 3 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Effigy-Hunter-Christy-K-Robinson/dp/1516982509/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1443282537&sr=1-1&keywords=Effigy+Hunter%2C+by+Christy+K+Robinson"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Effigy Hunter</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2015) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0692190813/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_taft_p1_i7"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Anne Marbury Hutchinson: American Founding
Mother</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">
(2018)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">And of these sites:
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Discovering
Love</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(inspiration and service)</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Rooting
for Ancestors</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(history and genealogy)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-size: 10.0pt;">William and Mary Barrett Dyer</span></u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> (17th century culture and history of England
and New England)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://editornado.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Editornado
[ed•i•tohr•NAY•doh]</span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> (Words. Communications. Book reviews. Cartoons.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Christy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-55212888131542884902019-08-30T00:00:00.000-07:002019-08-31T12:03:48.965-07:00#OnThisDay: William Dyer fights for his wife<style>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">© 2019 Christy K Robinson</span></b>
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<span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Upon discovering that his wife Mary was
imprisoned in Boston in August 1659, William Dyer wrote a two-page letter to
the General Court of Massachusetts Bay Colony, asking for her release on the
grounds that she had broken no laws, and that they had treated her
inhumanely—worse than they’d treat their domestic animals.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">Prison conditions: </span></span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 16.0pt;">see <a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2015/10/bostons-prison-during-dyer-years.html">Boston’s
prison during the Dyer years</a></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Assuming that it could take two days (by special messenger) or up
to two weeks for letters to pass between Boston and Newport, and that Mary had
been in solitary confinement for two weeks, this put Mary Dyer in prison by at
least the first days of August 1659, if not in July. William had received more
than one letter from her, but the letters might have arrived at the same time,
or possibly had been delivered to Newport while he was in Portsmouth, 15 miles
to the north. </span></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgly4ternpeabCXD08nP6WKz1OXKQD1Vntm1n7b1LPEser2q2M5_wh77WNwZGHks4Knul_mfOmdGg5q1yexl96OHAoWdMeFfEyCk4X6zbxmPKfMgk1PERyhONZm-0nVxxUM6hyiHMmBhA4/s1600/envelope.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="924" data-original-width="1600" height="368" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgly4ternpeabCXD08nP6WKz1OXKQD1Vntm1n7b1LPEser2q2M5_wh77WNwZGHks4Knul_mfOmdGg5q1yexl96OHAoWdMeFfEyCk4X6zbxmPKfMgk1PERyhONZm-0nVxxUM6hyiHMmBhA4/s640/envelope.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>William Dyer addressed the court at Boston which he knew would assemble on 6 September 1659. This was the <br />envelope that carried his two-page letter to the court on Mary Dyer's behalf.</i></td></tr>
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</span></div>
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<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">William was the former attorney general of Rhode Island, a
magistrate on its admiralty court, and its solicitor general, so he was well
acquainted with New England law and court procedure. Massachusetts Colony
courts didn’t allow defense attorneys, but they did accept written testimony
such as William Dyer’s arguments. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">William’s letter points out that MassBay
Court’s laws were invalid, and didn’t match with their own 1640s laws, and also
weren’t lawful according to English law. Therefore, they were holding Mary illegally. That wasn't new for such people as Gov. John Endecott and Assistant Gov. Richard Bellingham.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "cambria";">William Dyer's letter of 30 August 1659 to Boston Magistrates asking for
release of Mary Dyer from prison</span></b></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Gentlemen:</span></i></div>
<i>
</i><br />
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<i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Having received some letters from my wife, I
am given to understand of her commitment to close prison to a place (according
to description) not unlike Bishop Bonner's* rooms ... It is a sad condition, in
executing such cruelties towards their fellow creatures and sufferers ... Had
you no commiseration of a tender soul that being wett to the skin, you cause
her to thrust into a room whereon was nothing to sitt or lye down upon but dust
.. had your dogg been wett you would have offered it the liberty of a chimney
corner to dry itself, or had your hoggs been pend in a sty, you would have
offered them some dry straw, or else you would have wanted mercy to your beast,
but alas Christians now with you are used worse [than] hoggs or doggs ... oh
merciless cruelties.</span></i></div>
<i>
</i><br />
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<i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">You have done more in persecution in one year
than the worst bishops did in seven, and now to add more towards a tender woman
... that gave you no just cause against her for did she come to your meeting to
disturb them as you call itt, or did she come to reprehend the magistrates? <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">[She] only came to visit her friends in
prison and when dispatching that her intent of returning to her family as she
declared in her [statement] the next day</b> to the Governor, therefore it is
you that disturbed her, else why was she not let alone. [What] house entered
she to molest or what did she, that like a malefactor she must be hauled to
[prison] or what law did she transgress? She was about a business justifiable
before God and all good men.</span></i></div>
<i>
</i><br />
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<i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The worst of men, the bishops themselves,
denied not the visitation and release of friends to their prisoners, which
myself hath often experienced by visiting Mr. Prine, Mr. Smart and other
eminent [men] yea when he was commanded close in the towne, I had resort once
or twice a week and [I was] never fetched before authority to ask me wherefore
I came to the towne, or Kings bench, or Gatehouse ... had there not been more
adventurours tender hearted professors than yo'selves many of them you call
godly ministers and others might have perished ... if that course you take had
been in use with them, as to send for a person and ask them whe'fore they came
thither. What hath not people in America the same liberty as beasts and birds
to pass the land or air without examination?</span></i></div>
<i>
</i><br />
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<i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Have you a law that says the light in M. Dyre
is not M. Dyre's rule, if you have for that or any the fornamed a law, she may
be made a transgresso', for words and your mittimus hold good, but if not, then
have you imprisoned her and punisht her without law and against the Law of god
and man ... behold my wife <b>without law and against Law</b> is imprison' and
punished and so higly condemned for saying the light is the Rule! It is not
your light within your rule by which you make and act such lawes for ye <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">have no rule of Gods word in the Bible</b>
to make a law titled Quakers <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">nor have
you any order from the Supreme State of England to make such lawes</b>.
Therefore, it must be your light within you is your rule and you walk by ...
Remember what Jesus Christ said, 'if the light that be in you is darkness, how
great is that darkness.'</span></i></div>
<i>
</i><br />
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<i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[illegible] ... conscience, the first and
next words after appearance is 'You are a Quaker' see the steppes you follow
and let their misry be your warning; and then if answer be not made according
to the ruling will; away with them to the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cobhole*</b>
or new Prison, or House of Correction ... And now Gentlemen consider their
ends, and believe it, itt was certaine the Bishops ruine suddenly followed
after their hott persuanes of some godly people by them called Puritans ...
especially when they proceeded to suck the blood of Mr. Prine [Prynne], Mr. Burton and
Dr. Bostwicks eares, only them three and butt three, and they were as odious to
them as the Quakers are to you.</span></i></div>
<i>
</i><br />
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<br /></div>
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<i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6Wm-Yfb0n1L9XeidsaDzClajKoGftV2jUgG42OGC4-OPNFdfuvUQJbrMpFkiDOKUvWRvTLcQHDkUWGf3bNHAFLqe4qoK06ZgBQbq_LQ5Tx9fFcRmB-J3ki2LeZK9B8v55h-vzUI1qf58/s1600/WD--to+one+most+dearly+beloved.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="209" data-original-width="1078" height="77" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6Wm-Yfb0n1L9XeidsaDzClajKoGftV2jUgG42OGC4-OPNFdfuvUQJbrMpFkiDOKUvWRvTLcQHDkUWGf3bNHAFLqe4qoK06ZgBQbq_LQ5Tx9fFcRmB-J3ki2LeZK9B8v55h-vzUI1qf58/s400/WD--to+one+most+dearly+beloved.jpg" width="400" /></a></i></div>
<br />
<i>
</i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">What witness or legal testimony was taken</span></b><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> that my wife Mary Dyre was a Quaker, if not before God and man
how can you clear yourselves and seat of justice, from cruelty persecution ye
as so fair as in you lies murder as to her and to myself and family oppression
and tiranny. The God of truth knows all this. This is the sum and totals of a
law title Quakers: that she is guilty of a breach of a tittled Quakers is as
strange, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">that she is lawfully convicted
of 2 witnesses is not hear of</b>, that she must be banished by law tittled
Quakers <b>being not convicted by law but considered by surmise</b> and condemned to
close prison by Mr. Bellingham's suggestion is so absurd and ridiculous, the
meanest pupil in law will hiss at such proceeds in Old Lawyers ... is your law
tittled Quakers Felony or Treason, that vehement suspicion render them capable
of suffering ... If you be men I suppose <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">your
fundamental lawes is that noe person shall be imprisoned or molested but upon
the breach of a law, yett behold my wife without law and against law is
imprisoned and punished.</b></span></i></div>
<i>
</i><br />
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<i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">My wife writes me word and information, ye
she had been above a fortnight [more than two weeks] and had not trode on the
ground, but saw it out your window; what inhumanity is this, had you never
wives of your own, or ever any tender affection to a woman, deal so with a
woman, what has nature forgotten if refreshment [food] be debarred?</span></i></div>
<i>
</i><br />
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<i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I have written thus plainly to you, being
exceedingly sensible of the unjust molestations and detaining of my deare
yokefellow, mine and my familyes want of her will crye loud in yo' eares
together with her sufferings of your part but I questions not mercy favor and
comfort from the most high of her owne soule, that at present my self and
family bea by you deprived of the comfort and refreshment we might have enjoyed
by her [presence].</span></i></div>
<i>
</i><br />
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<i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">her husband<br />
W. Dyre<br />
Newport this 30 August 1659 </span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxqFtcBsAl0zTuIVQwizeBBzjqbjHKAj1OMG1TLeH7M6YuZ1oPkNPUL1c2l1OLBRNg4-NXQ_GDcQ1h1-_DmENbzkX1rlvC9nIkWvaHUd2HrD4IihGhiWonZHcVivN2uZf-2nhdfOGIlEw/s1600/30Aug1659-Wm+Dyer+letter+to+print-pg2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="455" data-original-width="1600" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxqFtcBsAl0zTuIVQwizeBBzjqbjHKAj1OMG1TLeH7M6YuZ1oPkNPUL1c2l1OLBRNg4-NXQ_GDcQ1h1-_DmENbzkX1rlvC9nIkWvaHUd2HrD4IihGhiWonZHcVivN2uZf-2nhdfOGIlEw/s640/30Aug1659-Wm+Dyer+letter+to+print-pg2.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Bottom of second page of William Dyer's 30 August 1659 letter to the General Court at Boston.</i></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 18.0pt;">*Who was
Bishop Bonner?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Edmund Bonner, 1500-1569, was Bishop of London
and a torturer of Protestants in the 1650s reign of Mary I, Queen of England.
He had aligned with Henry VIII’s Church of England for some time, but when the
Catholic “Bloody Mary” came to the throne on the death of her Protestant
brother Edward, Bonner became the personification of an English Inquisition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was described in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Foxe’s Book of Martyrs</i>: </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">"This
cannibal in three years space three hundred martyrs slew</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">They
were his food, he loved so blood, he sparèd none he knew." </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">When Mary I died and Elizabeth I came to the
throne, Bonner was given the opportunity to take an oath of allegiance to her
and to the Church of England, which he refused to do. He spent the last 10
years of his life as a prisoner in the notorious Marshalsea Prison, which is a
remarkable time considering prison conditions. Perhaps his status as an
ordained bishop gave him privilege in housing, food and drink, and isolation
from epidemic diseases in prison.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIrKDLCqCBaSkWahyht-_siVNlm9oMbQvDtd2sq3MRKS6An4d0dkt7kOY5lr_Q4rJ9U7hjuWi8rj713S5fn2qfdC4QeDSLEO2ZfyoLd84gNRtm_wJntI3xmHYPagWelRE0W531FzOiw0M/s1600/Edmund_Bonner_punishing_a_heretic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1041" data-original-width="1436" height="460" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIrKDLCqCBaSkWahyht-_siVNlm9oMbQvDtd2sq3MRKS6An4d0dkt7kOY5lr_Q4rJ9U7hjuWi8rj713S5fn2qfdC4QeDSLEO2ZfyoLd84gNRtm_wJntI3xmHYPagWelRE0W531FzOiw0M/s640/Edmund_Bonner_punishing_a_heretic.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Bishop Edmund Bonner's executioners beating a Protestant heretic until he bleeds. </i></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: small; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">For William Dyer to liken his wife’s prison
conditions to that of a religious torturer’s chambers from a century before was
a bold criticism of the Puritan Congregational theocracy of Massachusetts. Catholic
torture was one of the reasons the English hated, persecuted, and discriminated
against Catholics for hundreds of years. And here was a heretic Rhode Island
attorney general calling the Puritans as bad as Bishop Bonner. </span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 16.0pt;">*For-profit
prison is a “cobhole”</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">William Dyer wrote that when a Quaker was
arrested merely for visiting prisoners (as William himself had done without
molestation), and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“answer be not made
according to the ruling will; away with them to the Cobhole or new Prison, or
House of Correction…” </i>The prisons were money-makers because the prisoners
had to pay their own “accommodation.” </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">This was true of their native England, as
well as New England. And it’s almost certainly one of the reasons Mary Dyer
returned to the Boston prison, to provide the Quakers and other prisoners with
clothes, blankets, clean water, food, medical attention for their beating
wounds, and encouragement by prayer. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfXJvs37P3LZDL7VNLl7ZAbs-pcoUT1yB2M_V0DYI9ULRjoG5t9Ft3SgkgzNmLm95gtx08IcMSbUYUiKgv-OExq4i4ICEP99a_USEqZviAPxhb8n9pfiVoeC39GUBXdokeNelApZdNo1M/s1600/cob.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="200" data-original-width="380" height="105" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfXJvs37P3LZDL7VNLl7ZAbs-pcoUT1yB2M_V0DYI9ULRjoG5t9Ft3SgkgzNmLm95gtx08IcMSbUYUiKgv-OExq4i4ICEP99a_USEqZviAPxhb8n9pfiVoeC39GUBXdokeNelApZdNo1M/s200/cob.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Silver cobs from the colonial era</i></td></tr>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I’d never seen the word “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">cobhole</b>” until I read William’s letter. So I looked it up, and
there was absolutely nothing. I found that the English word for the <a href="http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Sp-Cobs.intro.html">Spanish
silver coin or <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cabo</i>, was “cob.”</a>
Coins were difficult to come by in New England, and cobs were much-clipped
lumps of silver that were used as currency. So a cobhole was probably sarcastic
slang for a money pit—a lucrative extortion racket where the prisoner’s family
threw away money for “services” a prisoner didn’t receive because funds had
been siphoned off by the jailer. </span>
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<span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Cobs also
circulated as coinage, many cobs made their way to the English colonies where
they were used both as coins in commerce and hoarded as specie. As the cobs
were crudely produced it was quite easy for colonials to clip off some silver
and then pass the coin off at full value. Also, because of their crude design
it was easy to make lightweight counterfeit cobs using the clipped silver. Many
clipped and lightweight Spanish cobs were melted down in Boston to make the
Massachusetts silver coinage. <br />
Source:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 8.0pt;"><a href="http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Sp-Cobs.intro.html">http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Sp-Cobs.intro.html</a>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 16.0pt;">*Church + state = oppression</span></b><br />
William relentlessly writes of the grave injustice that a theocratic (ministers + governors and judges) government imposes on its constituents. He implies that their Christian behavior does not match either a criminal or civil code or a biblical standard of morality, and if quotation marks had been used in 1659, his and Mary's words "as you call it" would have carried a heavy sarcasm. Surely that was not lost on his intended audience! He was calling them false Christians because of their disdain for human and biblical law that they had imposed in the name of God. <br />
<ul>
<li><i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><b>no commiseration of a tender soul</b> </span></i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(William uses a religious term, soul)</span><i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><b>no just cause against her</b> </span></i></span></i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(for interrupting a church meeting or opposing a public official, which were offenses </span></span><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">punishable with whippings and imprisonment</span></span> in the Massachusetts Bay theocracy)</span></span></li>
<li><i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><b>She was about a business justifiable
before God and all good men</b> </span></i></span></i></span></i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(they're not "good men" if they have such laws, and Mary was well within biblical mandates to care for the poor, sick, and imprisoned)</span></span></span><i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></i></span></i></span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><b>The worst of men, the bishops themselves,
denied not the visitation</b> </span></i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(Mary did not receive legal counsel, and probably also did not receive food. William is saying that the Puritan theocracy was more harsh and lawless than the English bishops the Puritans had called cruel, and had executed only a decade earlier.)</span><i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><b>tender hearted professors than yourselves many of them you call
godly ministers</b> </span></i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(if they'd not had legal assistance and food brought to them, many "godly ministers" -- he means persecuted Puritan ministers back in England -- would have died in conditions like the Boston prison offered.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><b>they proceeded to suck the blood of Mr. Prine [Prynne], Mr. Burton and
Dr. Bostwicks eares</b> </span></i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(William refers to the three <a href="https://www.staff.ncl.ac.uk/j.p.boulton/xread/ears.htm" target="_blank">English Puritans whose ears were hacked off and cheeks branded</a> by the King Charles/Archbishop Laud theocracy in 1637.)</span> </span></li>
<li><i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><b>see the steppes you follow
and let their misry be your warning</b> </span></i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(William decries what Boston is saying: let the misery of our prisoners be a deterrent to others who would follow. Do we not see this in the American immigration policies and for-profit detention of 2017-2019, policies made and enforced by those who publicly call themselves Christian?)</span><i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i></li>
<li><i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><b>what inhumanity is this, had you never
wives of your own</b> </span></i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(Puritans strongly believed that God revealed his will only to men, and men were to reveal that will to their wives and children, so the Massachusetts governors were not acting in a godly way according to their own religious tenets.)</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">William’s indignant but logical and
persuasive letter resulted in Mary’s release, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">and</i> the release of other Quakers in prison. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">However, the Quakers were there to commit
civil disobedience, so they got themselves arrested a short time later. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">************* </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBI8oQa_OF26Qo5RXvMqDDbey4ROm1vCUa2wGZqlJvJ0_an5N1Pz3ssz23Eg0YXGe9_QwouBomY23xwV9qXChXG1ESsxC14wLr2LyJ987DMmGA3MsHCLpAhuEn8BZcD2etEol2qWgF4KQ/s1600/DyerPosters1%252C+natural+light.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBI8oQa_OF26Qo5RXvMqDDbey4ROm1vCUa2wGZqlJvJ0_an5N1Pz3ssz23Eg0YXGe9_QwouBomY23xwV9qXChXG1ESsxC14wLr2LyJ987DMmGA3MsHCLpAhuEn8BZcD2etEol2qWgF4KQ/s400/DyerPosters1%252C+natural+light.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Beautiful high-resolution prints of the letters written in </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Mary Dyer's and William Dyer's handwriting </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>are available for sale at this link: </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b> </b><a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/p/mary-dyer-1659-letter.html">https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/p/mary-dyer-1659-letter.html</a> </span></div>
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<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Christy K Robinson</span></b></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> is author of
these books (click the colored title): </span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzDAfwprRrjq8LX39fdhzXPVe99cIALEBq3G-2ob2lviCM99zvWLlK-1xPLB8HKv1XRqXRJN0tYJbkRUyTfEfMPV_AeCUVMc1WQuZoTeBs6lC0VxwhXXEiUTjqWhiUgi_AjW5RCkKRLUc/s1600/2019-08-24-Christy-TBN+interview.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="721" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzDAfwprRrjq8LX39fdhzXPVe99cIALEBq3G-2ob2lviCM99zvWLlK-1xPLB8HKv1XRqXRJN0tYJbkRUyTfEfMPV_AeCUVMc1WQuZoTeBs6lC0VxwhXXEiUTjqWhiUgi_AjW5RCkKRLUc/s200/2019-08-24-Christy-TBN+interview.jpg" width="150" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0828025053/sr=1-4/qid=1427858318/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1427858318&sr=1-4"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">We Shall Be Changed</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2010) </span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Illuminated-Dyers-1/dp/1492848034/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary Dyer Illuminated</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 1 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2013) </span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Such-Dyers-Volume/dp/1496026136/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_y"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary Dyer: For Such a Time as This</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 2 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/DYERS-London-Boston-Newport-Volume/dp/1500539465/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_z"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The Dyers of London, Boston, & Newport</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 3 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Effigy-Hunter-Christy-K-Robinson/dp/1516982509/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1443282537&sr=1-1&keywords=Effigy+Hunter%2C+by+Christy+K+Robinson"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Effigy Hunter</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2015) </span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0692190813/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_taft_p1_i7"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Anne Marbury Hutchinson: American Founding
Mother</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">
(2018)</span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">And of these sites:
</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Discovering
Love</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(inspiration and service)</span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Rooting
for Ancestors</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(history and genealogy)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;">William and Mary Barrett Dyer</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;">
(17th century culture and history of England and New England)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://editornado.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Editornado
[ed•i•tohr•NAY•doh]</span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> (Words. Communications. Book reviews.
Cartoons.)</span></span></div>
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Christy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-4512228466606071212019-08-26T15:05:00.001-07:002019-10-21T21:03:08.458-07:00#OnThisDay: the 1629 Cambridge Agreement The Cambridge Agreement that propelled 700 to 1,000 colonists to New England in 1630 was completed and signed between August 26 and 29, 1629. Several versions of the compact were collated and combined by John Winthrop, who would become the most famous governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony.<br />
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The Cambridge Agreement was signed at Queen's College, Cambridge University in England, and it preceded the charter the signers bought from King Charles I. Winthrop was perhaps the most fierce defender of keeping the colonial charter in
Massachusetts, where it couldn't be destroyed or reneged by kings or parliaments in
England. <span id="goog_1360568884"></span><span id="goog_1360568885"></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>The Cambridge Agreement</b></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">© 2019 David M.
Powers</b>, used by permission</div>
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On August 26, 1629, a group of influential Puritans gathered
in Cambridge, England, where they reached an important decision. Based on “the
joynt confidence we have in each others fidelity and resolucion,” they
committed themselves “to embarke for the said plantacion [the project the
Massachusetts Bay Company was sponsoring in Massachusetts] by the first of
march next . . . to inhabite and continue in New England.” But they set an
important condition: “Provided alwayes that before the last of September next
the whole governement together with the Patent for the said plantacion bee
first by an order of Court legally transferred and established to remayne with
us and others which shall inhabite upon the said plantacion.” </div>
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Pynchon was among the provocateurs on the board of the
Massachusetts Bay Company. He sought to goad the Bay Company into action. With
eleven others, including financial backers Sir Richard Saltonstall and Isaac
Johnson, future governors John Winthrop and Thomas Dudley, and Pynchon’s
neighbor from Roxwell in Essex, Kellam Brown, Pynchon signed the Cambridge
Agreement. </div>
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The August 1629 Cambridge Agreement text that preceded the
Massachusetts Bay Charter (modernized by Christy K Robinson):<br />
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“Agreement of Cambridge. Upon due consideration of the state of the plantation
now in hand for New England, wherein we (whose names are hereunto subscribed)
have engaged ourselves: and having weighed the greatness of the work in regard
of the consequences, God’s glory and the churches good: As also in regard of
the difficulties and discouragements which in all probabilities must be
forecast upon the prosecution of this business: Considering withall that this
whole adventure grows upon the joint confidence we have in each other’s
fidelity and resolution herein, so as no man of us would have adventured it
without assurance of the rest: Now for the better encouragement of ourselves
and others that shall join with us in this action, and to the end that every
man may without scruple dispose of his estate and affairs as may best fit his
preparation for this voyage, It is fully and faithfully agreed amongst us, and
every of us doth hereby freely and sincerely promise and bind himself in the
word of a Christian and in the presence of God who is the searcher of all
hearts, that we will so really endeavor the prosecution of his work, as by
God’s assistance we will be ready in our persons, and with such of our several
families as are to go with us and such provisions as we are able conveniently
to furnish ourselves withall, to embark for the said plantation by the first of
March next, at such port or ports of this land as shall be agreed upon by the
Company, to the end to pass the Seas (under God’s protection) to inhabit and
continue in New England. Provided always that before the last of September next
[1629] the whole government together with the Patent for the said plantation be
first by an order of Court legally transferred and established to remain with
us and others which shall inhabit upon the said plantation. And provided also
that if any shall be hindered by such just and inevitable Lett or other cause
to be allowed by three parts of four of these whose names are hereunto
subscribed then such persons for such times and during such letts to be
discharged of this bond. And we do further promise every one for himself that
shall fail to be ready through his own default by the day appointed, to pay for
every day’s default the sum of £3 to the use of the rest of the Company who
shall be ready by the same day and time. To this Compact do we ascribe our
names and our honor by the grace of God.” </div>
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Sir Richard Saltonstall <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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Thomas Dudley <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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William Vassall <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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Nicholas West <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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Izaack Johnson <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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John Humfrey <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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Thomas Sharp <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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Increase Nowell <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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John Winthrop <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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William Pynchon <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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Kellam Browne <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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William Colbron <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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***************</div>
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This act pressed the Massachusetts Bay Company to set in
motion the expedition of 1630 which brought 700 or more colonists to
Massachusetts.</div>
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The proviso that the settlers would take the company charter
with them proved historically momentous. The colony relied on the charter as
the basis for its governmental powers. Though authorities in England repeatedly
requested its return to London, the colonists never sent it back.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg71lwOvreRFtvhK4OzrH2eqDsRqq5jgvsqCF9MeAcqWBcyGE78z0lJzRqBdyh0JBOkVW1LNLx8cXV6uvqbUw7JWnOqlIK2G0uXMREx4uNSRcsElG64ddYBDssP_wN65VsptJt0-spZKFI/s1600/1629-MassBay+charter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="774" data-original-width="960" height="516" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg71lwOvreRFtvhK4OzrH2eqDsRqq5jgvsqCF9MeAcqWBcyGE78z0lJzRqBdyh0JBOkVW1LNLx8cXV6uvqbUw7JWnOqlIK2G0uXMREx4uNSRcsElG64ddYBDssP_wN65VsptJt0-spZKFI/s640/1629-MassBay+charter.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;">The Massachusetts Bay Company Charter, still safely in
Massachusetts.</span></i></td></tr>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM71AlhPwIQBbojLHqt-grvUEma8FvdGaz8lmdt-J1bRQZk9y21pRRS8YXrp3eWuM-4AMqHYp6_8vD6Bek4zg6gHUSARwRfINN-LWPP_LoSz-PJLPd_xwbC36ChV1DJMgnv3xTQzhyaRw/s1600/DavidMPowers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="269" data-original-width="538" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM71AlhPwIQBbojLHqt-grvUEma8FvdGaz8lmdt-J1bRQZk9y21pRRS8YXrp3eWuM-4AMqHYp6_8vD6Bek4zg6gHUSARwRfINN-LWPP_LoSz-PJLPd_xwbC36ChV1DJMgnv3xTQzhyaRw/s320/DavidMPowers.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">David M. Powers</b>
is <span class="x-elx-el-spanpx-ff-montserratsans-serifpx-fs-16mdpx-fs-16lgpx-fs-16x-d-ux">a
native of Springfield, Massachusetts, and a graduate of Carleton College and
Harvard University. He </span><span class="x-elx-el-spanpx-fs-unsetpx-ff-robotoarialsans-serifpx-fw-700x-d-ux">speaks</span><span class="x-elx-el-spanpx-ff-montserratsans-serifpx-fs-16mdpx-fs-16lgpx-fs-16x-d-ux">
about and </span><span class="x-elx-el-spanpx-fs-unsetpx-ff-robotoarialsans-serifpx-fw-700x-d-ux">writes
books and articles </span><span class="x-elx-el-spanpx-ff-montserratsans-serifpx-fs-16mdpx-fs-16lgpx-fs-16x-d-ux">on
seventeenth century Puritan history. He lives on Cape Cod. You can follow his
Facebook history page, </span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/WilliamPynchonandDamnableHeresy/?__tn__=%2CdkCH-R-R&eid=ARB0SkCvyP6W1OVGPhVTYsxR3sCjiXhYPmo9WzhLrwB6tMFfVUTKbsFXq2Xolw7hVHNttjhYMWB_uNuq&hc_ref=ARRXNqzGJe4uAtHjvOSvhS0SbaRhyVT8OvMQ_bjMelGBcA13bMcfD_IpqmeM6GKzQGg&fref=nf&hc_location=group">Damnable
Heresy and William Pynchon</a>. </span></div>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">His book on William Pynchon, <i>Damnable Heresy</i>, is available here:</span> <a href="https://dmpowershistory.com/pynchon-book" target="_blank">https://dmpowershistory.com/pynchon-book </a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;">See:</span><a href="https://dmpowershistory.com/"> https://dmpowershistory.com/ </a>
</div>
Christy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-19960726106623380952019-08-05T23:13:00.000-07:002019-10-23T11:42:51.369-07:00Mary Dyer’s persecution heats up in summer of 1659<style>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">© 2019
Christy K Robinson</span></b>
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<div class="journal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The summer of 1659
was fraught with danger for the Quakers in the New England colonies. Three hundred sixty years later, separation of church and state is again under attack by religio-political forces. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhogINQDLWoq4dvYsDZ2zF1OHV0PXMC91YujLsKWZTmQtu2Lg6iWJ6BsEdOQVYMDjeIeWj2dJzMljl8xnbYoPCQZ_2-U359wOawLsGUdkCca2fB4clxgM7RfIUkWgrmvygt-SPAyeAkslw/s1600/Cover+2+for+paperback-no+novel+tag%252C+web+res.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="958" data-original-width="661" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhogINQDLWoq4dvYsDZ2zF1OHV0PXMC91YujLsKWZTmQtu2Lg6iWJ6BsEdOQVYMDjeIeWj2dJzMljl8xnbYoPCQZ_2-U359wOawLsGUdkCca2fB4clxgM7RfIUkWgrmvygt-SPAyeAkslw/s320/Cover+2+for+paperback-no+novel+tag%252C+web+res.jpg" width="220" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>A carefully researched historical novel<br />of William and Mary Dyer from 1652 to 1660,<br />covering their remarkable lives and <br />Mary's execution for standing up for<br />those who suffer persecution for their faith.<br /></i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Such-Dyers-Volume/dp/1496026136/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_y"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary Dyer: For Such a Time as This</span></i></a></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> <u>Vol. 2</u> </span></i></b></td></tr>
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After they were released from a torturous 20-week prison
stay in December 1658, Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick had bought a parcel of
land at Ipswich, then were ordered out of the colony by early June, or be
returned to prison and then executed. Their teenaged children, Daniel and
Provided, were fined the hefty sum of £10 each for not attending Congregational
(Puritan) church services, and they refused to be forced laborers, so they were
sentenced to be sold to “English” slave owners in Virginia or Barbados—except
no mariner would agree to broker the teens, so they were finally released. The Southwick
parents, only in their early 60s but broken in body by their repeated
whippings, starvation, and winter exposure in prison, moved to Shelter Island
on Long Island Sound, to spend their last months before they died in May 1660. </div>
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In a boat accident, Sarah Gibbons, a Quaker missionary, was
drowned at Providence, Rhode Island. </div>
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Quakers Nicholas Davis, William Robinson, Marmaduke
Stevenson, and Patience Scott were committed to Boston prison on June 19, 1659.
It’s possible that Mary Dyer followed the four Quakers to Boston when she heard
they’d been arrested. Food, clothing, and blankets were not automatically
provided to prisoners, and Mary may have gone on an errand of mercy. She knew
the risks of arrest and prison if she were discovered, and she went anyway.
She’d already spent months in Boston prison, and believed it was her duty to
help. </div>
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Was it raining hard, or was there some sort of boating or
ferry accident that soaked Mary to the skin when she was in Boston? </div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h20hAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA169&lpg=PA169&dq=woman,+whom+they+cast+in+prison+with+her+clothes+wet&source=bl&ots=SuLvxG-rpK&sig=ACfU3U21zsjleA9kQXJd2ThdJni8a8hC2w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQ0cfVyezjAhWZJzQIHdFxAVcQ6AEwAHoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=woman%2C%20whom%20they%20cast%20in%20prison%20with%20her%20clothes%20wet&f=false">Letter
written by a Quaker in 1659</a> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></div>
<div class="journal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The letter was
about Patience Scott, the young daughter of Richard and Katherine Marbury
Scott, but mentions in passing that there were adult Quakers imprisoned with
the girl. Mary Dyer was probably the woman mentioned, based on William Dyer’s
August 1659 letter to the court in Boston.</span></div>
<div class="journal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">"They have imprisoned three men and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">a woman, whom they cast in prison with her
clothes wet</i>, and a child between ten and eleven years of age, who was moved
of the Lord<b><span style="font-family: "cambria";"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-weight: normal;">to travel from her home 105
miles to Boston</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">,</b>
where she was cast into prison, and being examined, her answers were so far
beyond the ordinary capacity of a child of her years, that the governor confessed
there was a spirit in her beyond the spirit of woman; but being blind, and not
seeing God perfecting his praise out of the child’s mouth, he said it was the
devil.” </span><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<br />
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">William
Dyer’s letter to the General Court of Boston, 30 August 1659:</span></b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;"> <br />
Meanwhile, back in Rhode Island, William had been in attendance at the colonial
assembly in Portsmouth in late August. The Rhode Island government was
vigorously opposed to having the lands they had purchased from the Narragansett
tribes being annexed by Connecticut and recorded in Boston courts. They wrote a
<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o3EFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA9&lpg=PA9&dq=Collections+of+the+Massachusetts+Historical+Society,+Trumbull,+Rhode+Island+Assembly+1659&source=bl&ots=9nfd4an3sb&sig=ACfU3U3N4289nauAUW7WCVfWSqvhYfOs7A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjIl_OfhqLkAhWCIjQIHSr7A6wQ6AEwAHoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">letter to Boston on August 23, 1659</a> about that very matter. </span></div>
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiACvw34FzDVRDgeWCqot5I8vsl1uSrJk3XqVAWpZY7ue0SNTSdidCuduWifXfGeva8FEeoJjGP1K0cdCjR8FnSOeT3AL2pIbx2Nm9NWgz3hFGAsY4S8GusG6O3bgz9iz0SBAJ3-qagR00/s1600/30Aug1659-WmDyer+letter+snippet.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="673" data-original-width="1600" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiACvw34FzDVRDgeWCqot5I8vsl1uSrJk3XqVAWpZY7ue0SNTSdidCuduWifXfGeva8FEeoJjGP1K0cdCjR8FnSOeT3AL2pIbx2Nm9NWgz3hFGAsY4S8GusG6O3bgz9iz0SBAJ3-qagR00/s640/30Aug1659-WmDyer+letter+snippet.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Snippet of William Dyer's letter to the General Court in Boston, 30 August 1659.</i><b><br /></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></b></div>
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<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">Apparently, within a week of the assembly meeting, William heard that
his wife Mary had been taken prisoner in Boston and he wrote to protest her
imprisonment. </span>Assuming that it could take two days (by special
messenger) or up to two weeks (by post rider’s regular route*) for letters to
pass between Boston and Newport, this put Mary Dyer in prison by at least the
first days of August 1659, if not in July. William had received more than one
letter from her, but the letters might have arrived at the same time, or
possibly had been delivered to Newport while he was in Portsmouth, 15 miles to
the north. </div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
William was the former attorney general of Rhode Island, a
magistrate on its admiralty court, and its solicitor general, so he was well
acquainted with New England law and court procedure. Massachusetts Colony
courts didn’t allow defense attorneys, but they did accept written testimony
such as William Dyer’s arguments. </div>
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<br /></div>
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So he sat down to write with his fine-tip quill on August
30. The letter is quite long, and accuses the “Christian” court of treating its
prisoners worse than domestic animals.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">“Gentlemen:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">Having received some letters from my
wife, I am given to understand of her commitment to close prison. … </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">Had you no commiseration of a tender
soul<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> that being wett to the skin</i>, you
cause her to thrust into a room whereon was nothing to sitt or lye down upon
but dust ... had your dogg been wett you would have offered it the liberty of a
chimney corner to dry itself, or had your hoggs been pend in a sty, you would
have offered them some dry straw, or else you would have wanted mercy to your
beast, but alas Christians now with you are used worse [than] hoggs or doggs
... oh merciless cruelties. … </span></div>
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<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">My wife writes me word and information,
ye she had been above a fortnight [more than two weeks] and had not trode on
the ground, but saw it out your window; what inhumanity is this, had you never
wives of your own, or ever any tender affection to a woman, deal so with a
woman, what has nature forgotten if refreshment be debarred?”</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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Mary hadn’t been arrested for preaching or speaking against
the church/state government, which is what the 1658 law against Quakers
described as fit for banishment upon pain of death if they returned. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
William Dyer wrote, “[She] only
came to visit her friends in prison and when dispatching that her intent of
returning to her family as she declared in her [statement] the next day to the
Governor, therefore it is you that disturbed her, else why was she not let
alone. [What] house entered she to molest or what did she, that like a
malefactor she must be hauled to [prison] or what law did she transgress? She
was about a business justifiable before God and all good men.” </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Her offense had been merely visiting her fellow Quaker
friends while they were imprisoned—and she got caught up in the anti-Quaker
hatred. (Visiting prisoners was a virtue, according to Jesus’ words in Matthew
25.) There are reports of male and female Quakers receiving repeating lashings,
usually connected with their being disruptive to church services, or preaching.
Men and women were stripped to the waist and lashed, with knots at the end of
the multiple strands of leather to break the skin with more wounds per stroke.
But there are no reports of Mary being beaten, which makes me suspect that she
was not a preacher or public speaker, at least in the company of men. Hers was
a supporting role to the Quakers.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The result of William Dyer’s letter was that not only Mary,
but her fellow Quakers, were released from prison on September 12. Patience
Scott, the niece of Anne Hutchinson and cousin of Captain Edward Hutchinson, a
Boston attorney, was released to her cousin’s care and then returned to
Providence.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br />
“You are required by these, presently to set at liberty, William Robinson,
Marmaduke Stevenson, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mary Dyer</b>, and
Nicholas Davis; who, by an order of the court of council, had been imprisoned,
because it appeared by their own confession, words, and actions, that they are
Quakers; wherefore a sentence was pronounced against them, to depart this
jurisdiction on pain of death; and that they must answer it at their peril, if
they, or any of them, after the 14th of this present month, September, are
found within this jurisdiction, or any part thereof. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
EDWARD RAWSON, Secretary</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
Boston, September 12th, 1659” </div>
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<br /></div>
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Davis, who had only gone to Boston to do business, not
preach, left the colony and returned home to Sandwich in Plymouth Colony. Robinson and Stevenson committed civil disobedience
and stayed in Massachusetts, and were re-arrested and condemned to hang in
October 1659. Mary Dyer went home to Newport, but returned to Boston by October
19 (against her husband’s will!) with Hope Clifton and Patience Scott’s older
sister and was re-arrested and condemned. </div>
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<br /></div>
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William Dyer pulled more strings in October, and sent their
19-year-old son William to obtain the arranged reprieve for Mary. (The young
man was merely the messenger. The drama played out in private meetings between
Boston magistrates and ministers about nine days before the October 27
execution date. See <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Such-Dyers-Volume/dp/1496026136/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_y"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary Dyer: For Such a Time as This</span></i></a></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> <u>Vol. 2</u> </span></i></b>for the full story.) </div>
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<div class="journal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The law regarding
Quakers:</b> <br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AN ACT MADE AT A GENERAL
COURT HELD AT BOSTON, THE 20th OF OCTOBER, 1658. </span></div>
<div class="journal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Whereas,
there is a pernicious sect, commonly called Quakers, lately arisen, who by word
and writing have published and maintained many dangerous and horrid tenets, and
do take upon them to change and alter the received laudable customs of our
nation, in giving civil respect to equals or reverence to superiors, whose <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">actions tend to undermine the civil
government, and also to destroy the order of the churches</i>, by denying all
established forms of worship, and by withdrawing from orderly
church-fellowship, allowed and approved by all orthodox professors of truth,
and instead thereof, and in opposition thereunto, frequently meeting by
themselves, insinuating themselves into the minds of the simple, or such as are
at least affected to the order and government of church and commonwealth,
whereby several of our inhabitants have been infected, notwithstanding all
former laws made upon the experience of their arrogant and bold obtrusions, to
disseminate their principles among us, prohibiting their coming into this
jurisdiction, they have not been deterred from their impetuous attempts to
undermine our peace and hazard our ruin.</span></div>
<div class="journal" style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For
prevention thereof, this court does order and enact, that every person or
persons of the cursed sect of Quakers, who is not an inhabitant of, but is
found within this jurisdiction, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">shall be
apprehended</b> without warrant where no magistrate is at hand, by any
constable, commissioner, or select man, and conveyed from constable to
constable to the next magistrate, who <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">shall
commit the said person to close prison, there to remain (without bail)</b> unto
the next court of assistants, where they <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">shall
have a legal trial</b>; and being convicted to be of the sect of Quakers, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">shall be sentenced to be banished upon pain
of death</b>. And that every inhabitant of this jurisdiction, being convicted
to be of the before said sect, either by taking up, publishing, or defending
the horrid opinions of the Quakers, or the stirring up mutiny, sedition, or
rebellion against the government, or by taking up their abusive and destructive
practices, namely: denying civil respect to equals and superiors, and
withdrawing from our church assemblies, and instead thereof frequenting
meetings of their own in opposition to our church order, or by adhering to or
approving of any known Quaker, and the tenets and practices of the Quakers that
are opposite to the orthodox received opinions of the godly, and endeavoring to
disaffect others to civil government and church order, or condemning the
proceedings and practices of this court against the Quakers, manifesting
thereby their compliance with those <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">whose
design is to overthrow the order established in church and state</i>; every
such person, upon conviction before the said court of assistants in manner
before said, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">shall be committed to close
prison for one month, and then, unless they choose voluntarily to depart this
jurisdiction,</b> shall give bond for their good behavior, and appear at the
next court, where continuing obstinate, and refusing to retract and reform the
before said opinions, they <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">shall be
sentenced to banishment upon pain of death</b>; and any one magistrate, upon
information given him of any such person, shall cause him to be apprehended,
and shall commit any such person to prison, according to his discretion, until
he come to trial as before said.</span></div>
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<br /><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">* In 1775, more than a century later, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rhode Island Colonial Records</i> reported:
“That Mr. Benjamin Mumford be employed as a post rider from <span class="gstxthlt">Newport </span>to Cambridge [near Boston]; that he set out from <span class="gstxthlt">Newport </span>on Monday afternoon at 3 o'clock, to carry the <span class="gstxthlt">Newport </span>mail for the westward to Providence, <span class="gstxthlt">and </span>proceed immediately to Cambridge, with the mails for
that post office, <span class="gstxthlt">and </span>set off from thence on
Thursday, in the afternoon, for Providence; <span class="gstxthlt">and </span>there
take the mail from the westward, <span class="gstxthlt">and </span>proceed
immediately to <span class="gstxthlt">Newport; </span>that he be allowed for his
services at the same rate as hath heretofore been allowed to the post rider <span class="gstxthlt">be</span>tween <span class="gstxthlt">Newport and Boston;” </span></span><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;">*****</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Christy K Robinson</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> is author of
these books (click the colored title): </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1BuerVCaSqaFZ8ytocjUce4DMi-fhwXRbUag9OTxgc9uLaYt3x7XQZSjm3dvl72P4dNeZND3ZNZv9gPVKw9QpVbIFG7tnpt8BFOGYuTaGLOb6H4wne8wUtW4jd18mY7IUrt0YjA2AYGk/s1600/Photo+on+2019-07-03+at+18.55.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="378" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1BuerVCaSqaFZ8ytocjUce4DMi-fhwXRbUag9OTxgc9uLaYt3x7XQZSjm3dvl72P4dNeZND3ZNZv9gPVKw9QpVbIFG7tnpt8BFOGYuTaGLOb6H4wne8wUtW4jd18mY7IUrt0YjA2AYGk/s320/Photo+on+2019-07-03+at+18.55.jpg" width="251" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0828025053/sr=1-4/qid=1427858318/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1427858318&sr=1-4"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">We Shall Be Changed</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2010) </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Illuminated-Dyers-1/dp/1492848034/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary Dyer Illuminated</span></i></a></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 1 </span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2013) </span></b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Such-Dyers-Volume/dp/1496026136/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_y"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary Dyer: For Such a Time as This</span></i></a></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 2 </span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/DYERS-London-Boston-Newport-Volume/dp/1500539465/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_z"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The Dyers of London, Boston, & Newport</span></i></a></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 3 </span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span></b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Effigy-Hunter-Christy-K-Robinson/dp/1516982509/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1443282537&sr=1-1&keywords=Effigy+Hunter%2C+by+Christy+K+Robinson"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Effigy Hunter</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2015) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0692190813/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_taft_p1_i7"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Anne Marbury Hutchinson: American Founding
Mother</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">
(2018)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">And of these
sites: </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Discovering
Love</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(inspiration and service)</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Rooting
for Ancestors</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(history and genealogy)</span></div>
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<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;">William and Mary Barrett Dyer</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;">
(17th century culture and history of England and New England)</span></div>
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<a href="https://editornado.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Editornado
[ed•i•tohr•NAY•doh]</span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> (Words. Communications. Book reviews.
Cartoons.)</span></div>
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Christy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-44400677237606881492019-07-20T00:00:00.000-07:002020-01-16T15:51:12.184-07:00#OnThisDay 20 July 1591 -- Happy birthday, Anne Hutchinson<style>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">© 2019 Christy K
Robinson</b>
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<span style="font-family: "garamond";">Anne Hutchinson, 20 July 1591 – August 1643, was
despised for her quick mind, her ability to think on her feet and her
willingness to defy university-trained theologians. She was unflinching, though
she had a premonition of danger to come. She lived four-fifths of her life in
her native England but is world famous for her years in early colonial America.
She was a woman of valor. She persuaded scores of families to leave their
homes, businesses, the church that was their ticket to eternal life, and to
create a new colony in the wilderness. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "garamond";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The new community she inspired and co-founded
was the first of its kind in the Western world, a secular democracy made of
people of strong moral principles and enlightened views on human and civil
rights. </span><span style="font-family: "garamond";"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1SRU2c9X1Fwf5oIfnxmaXuuAZnjz4Zllc7gfmcITZQOLa_5xOId_eUqRq-XFMel0GrhHFlCLylLx3CNVHLQYVh4jISrFOfRoSgXscRZS__LO1iiqXtAjlGYnCoD2SeGqPiMEsY1sZNZ4/s1600/20July-IMG_0093-Hutchinson+statue.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1SRU2c9X1Fwf5oIfnxmaXuuAZnjz4Zllc7gfmcITZQOLa_5xOId_eUqRq-XFMel0GrhHFlCLylLx3CNVHLQYVh4jISrFOfRoSgXscRZS__LO1iiqXtAjlGYnCoD2SeGqPiMEsY1sZNZ4/s400/20July-IMG_0093-Hutchinson+statue.JPG" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Anne Hutchinson memorial at the Massachusetts<br />State House in Boston. <br />Photo by Christy K Robinson, 20 July 2016.</i></td></tr>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "garamond"; font-size: 20.0pt;">Religious liberty for all is the freedom to
believe and act one’s conscience, even if the majority disagrees with an
individual or group. It’s not freedom or justice for all if some are excluded
for their belief – or their non-belief. </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "garamond";">In the United States, besides those who do not
believe in a god or higher power, there are approximately 2,000 religious
sects, and the variety of adherence and buy-in to their individual creed or
dogma runs from weak to strong. Infinite variety! Who gets to choose which
strain gets prominence or receives government financial support?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "garamond";">It’s not freedom for one branch of believers to
have privileges from the government while others are denied based on their
religious beliefs, or their choice to not believe in any religious system.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "garamond"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Because Anne Hutchinson
and Mary Dyer, Roger Williams and John Clarke, and almost every co-founder of
Rhode Island, were very religious people (zealous Puritans, Antinomians,
Baptists, Quakers, etc.) who sacrificed worldly goods and even their lives for
their faith in God, we might think of these “Founders before the Founders” as
desirous of a religious utopia in the New World.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "garamond"; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt;">Not. At. All.</span><span style="font-family: "garamond"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "garamond"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">They’d faced religious
persecution by their governments in Europe, to such a degree that they’d fled
to the wilds of North America. But the people who governed the new society were
theocrats who based their laws in the Old Testament laws given to the
Israelites in the wilderness of Sinai. Ministers and magistrates locked arms
and wills to accuse and prosecute, imprison, torture, and execute in the name
of God. This marriage of religion and government is called theocracy. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0RchL_wAcRhh-BZy60mZvMZHBQH3nIswUWR6x588yvUyQ8hhzB71kLIkWtBUUKt1ATwGm8y1Hlg0TsjXUeYAncjjg72MtOrlegSVihUB94m3ylB_uMiujJoNdvaRlTa2qleFPeYyOfDw/s1600/17th+century+woman+hanging.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="350" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0RchL_wAcRhh-BZy60mZvMZHBQH3nIswUWR6x588yvUyQ8hhzB71kLIkWtBUUKt1ATwGm8y1Hlg0TsjXUeYAncjjg72MtOrlegSVihUB94m3ylB_uMiujJoNdvaRlTa2qleFPeYyOfDw/s320/17th+century+woman+hanging.jpg" width="280" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "garamond"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Williams, the Hutchinsons, the Dyers,
and scores of others were banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony, reviled as
heretics, and ridiculed for the rest of their lives, for insisting on liberty
of conscience and separation of church and state. In the 1630s, though they
believed and practiced their deep faith, they were the first people in Western
civilization to form a secular (non-religious) government. They insisted on it,
to the degree that religious liberty is encoded in</span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "garamond"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">the charter (constitution) of Rhode Island, which
was central to the formation of the First Amendment to the US Constitution in
the next century.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "garamond";">The problem is not that people have strong religious
beliefs.</span></i><span style="font-family: "garamond";"> </span><span style="font-family: "garamond";">The problem is <i>enforcing</i> one set of beliefs on another
person or a community, or discriminating against another because of their beliefs
or behaviors. </span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "garamond"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Liberty of conscience is
what Anne Hutchinson, Roger Williams and John Clarke lived for, and in Mary
Dyer’s case, died for. They didn’t impose their beliefs on others, but
advocated for the full rights of others. They were the great-great grandparents
of the revolutionaries of the United States and authors of its Constitution –
which is by design a secular document.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "garamond";">Even today, our rights to freedom of religion and
freedom from oppression are under sneak attack. As an admirer or descendant of
Anne Hutchinson or Mary Dyer, I hope you will work to protect the rights of all
people, as fought for by our <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">first</i>
founders, Roger Williams, William and Anne Marbury Hutchinson, Richard and
Katherine Marbury Scott, William and Mary Dyer, John Clarke, and many others. </span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "garamond"; font-size: 20.0pt;">It’s a never-ending struggle in every
government agency, every state and territory, and every municipality, to allow
freedom for all, and not just freedom for the powerful. </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "garamond"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">“Those who would
renegotiate the boundaries between church and state must therefore answer a
difficult question: why would we trade a system that has served us so well for
one that has served others so poorly?” – Sandra Day O’Connor, conservative
Supreme Court Justice.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "garamond";">Join Anne Hutchinson in support of liberty.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7516tTPwcC9t8khvMtFe7xlez8gQTYiC9Sa7N9Jw_izC-ff5kEDt-yrWqyhJo11Fb7DuUv3WIQnf7cJJ6dJfJI6pLqxsg7Y-tAQHKJFbPp7laNJS4N8CR4-j0t4gIu01J_IVlGuVFZZw/s1600/Hutchinson+cover+draft+3+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1095" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7516tTPwcC9t8khvMtFe7xlez8gQTYiC9Sa7N9Jw_izC-ff5kEDt-yrWqyhJo11Fb7DuUv3WIQnf7cJJ6dJfJI6pLqxsg7Y-tAQHKJFbPp7laNJS4N8CR4-j0t4gIu01J_IVlGuVFZZw/s400/Hutchinson+cover+draft+3+copy.jpg" width="273" /></a></div>
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Anne Hutchinson (nonfiction) biography: <b><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0692190813/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_bibl_vppi_i1">https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0692190813/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_bibl_vppi_i1</a></b>
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Endorsements of the book, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Anne Marbury Hutchinson: American Founding Mother</i>: </div>
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<span style="font-family: "garamond";">“Anne Marbury Hutchinson
is a woefully unsung giant in the creation of secular democracy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Christy K Robinson's book goes a very
long way toward refreshing the historical record of genuine religious freedom
in America.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She does so in a style
both scholarly and eminently readable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It took 350 years for Hutchinson to be pardoned for her ‘crimes’ which
amounted only to defying theological orthodoxy and the authority of male
clerics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Through this work,
Robinson makes it abundantly clear that people make real social change through
the lessons of the very lives they live.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Best we remember that today.” </span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "garamond";">Rev. Barry W. Lynn, Former Executive Director,
Americans United for Separation of Church and State</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "garamond";">“The tone is perfect and
is the way that history should be written. The author’s voice speaks directly
to the reader with humor, real content with wise use of original documents, and
access to the personalities through those documents. She masterfully weaves the
documents together with 21st-century English.”</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "garamond";">Rose A. Doherty, President Emerita, The
Partnership of the Historic Bostons</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "garamond";">“An impressive
accomplishment. Christy Robinson’s exhaustively researched account gives Anne
Hutchinson her due as a martyr for religious freedom. Too many Americans today
don’t know Anne’s story; this book will go a long way to correct that.”</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "garamond";">Rob Boston, Editor, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Church & State</i> magazine </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "garamond";">“There are people who can
research, and people who can write, and people who can break down the barriers
of historical distance. Then there are those that allow us into hearts and
minds from the past. Christy Robinson does all of those things. You’ll love
coming to know Mother Anne and her times through this penetrating work.” </span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "garamond";">Devin D. Marks, Founding Trustee, The Anne Marbury
Hutchinson Foundation; Founder and President, My TED Talks </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "garamond";">“A carefully researched
accessible account of Anne Hutchinson’s remarkable life. Christy’s beautiful
conversational style helps bring Anne’s story alive and makes early ‘Puritan’
theological differences much clearer. This book will make so many more people
aware of her importance here in England.” </span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "garamond";">Rev. Ros Latham, Vicar, St. Wilfrid’s Church of
England, Alford, Lincolnshire </span></b></div>
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Christy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-76756323558694507242019-06-13T23:41:00.000-07:002019-06-02T08:07:33.708-07:00A ship William Dyer probably knew<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">© 2019 Christy K Robinson</b><br />
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Recently, I was cruising the internet for images of 17th century ships (as one does). I've been doing this for years, but only in November 2018 discovered this Dutch blog, written in English, that creates models of ships from paintings and drawings of the period.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Why would we 17th century Dyer fans and descendants care particularly about such art? William Dyer was commissioned by the Council of State in England (Oliver Cromwell, Sir Henry Vane, John Thurloe, etc.), and by the colony of Rhode Island, as <b>Commander in Chief Upon the Seas</b>, making him the admiral of operations in New England waters (specifically Long Island Sound) during the <b>First Anglo-Dutch War. </b></span><br />
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What we don't know is if the English Council of State provided William Dyer with ships, ammunition and cannon, sailors, and provisions. It's possible that they did, because they outfitted a Boston commander, Maj. Robert Sedgwick, who had raised a few hundred Massachusetts and Connecticut men to invade Long Island and Manhattan, known as New Netherland in the Dutch towns, and New Haven Colony in the English territories. He was about to attack the Dutch (where William Dyer had command), when he received word that an English and Dutch treaty had ended the war in January 1654. Why let some pesky peacemaking get in the way when you're all ready to kill and destroy? So Sedgwick sailed north to Acadia (modern Maine and Nova Scotia), captured several forts, and transferred ownership of the territories from France to Great Britain. <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivEaAn7KQgkeAn7ZItfkH51_RaS4lGnOAZUlTxdGFUjtvpTDEERTpDJAMNbm3jIvaOT23zaAEKkLWBWU3NwAi9t5-8Nn7eD_CWTDLbz4fiFqNzVoP6VRcwPIivVnsx03KRzhuv2g4LSUQ/s1600/HMS+Martin+by+Artex.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivEaAn7KQgkeAn7ZItfkH51_RaS4lGnOAZUlTxdGFUjtvpTDEERTpDJAMNbm3jIvaOT23zaAEKkLWBWU3NwAi9t5-8Nn7eD_CWTDLbz4fiFqNzVoP6VRcwPIivVnsx03KRzhuv2g4LSUQ/s640/HMS+Martin+by+Artex.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>"I'd like to show my latest render of a British light frigate, the HMS Martin, built in 1652.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><i>This ship had quite an active career, sailing to the West Indies,
Mediterranean and was part of the squadron capturing New York from the
Dutch in 1664. Although she was very lightly armoured, she participated
in several battles during the First and Second Anglo-Dutch wars." </i></span><br />
<i>Photo copyrighted by Artex, and used here by his permission. THANK YOU!</i><br />
<i><a href="https://bloodflag.blogspot.com/2017/04/">https://bloodflag.blogspot.com/2017/04/</a></i> </td></tr>
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<br />
On Minotaur.org, I found a list of British Royal Navy actions, wins and losses, from 1652 to 1654, during the First Anglo-Dutch War. These actions were taken from Cornwall's The Lizard, across the English Channel to Dutch waters. Most of the paintings one finds were made by Dutch artists and the subjects are Dutch ships. <br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">1652. May 19. Blake engaged the Dutch, under Tromp, off Dover.<br />
1652. June 12. Engagement between English and Dutch off the Lizard.<br />
1652. June. The Tiger and another Frigate engaged two Dutch Men of War.<br />
1652. July. Capture of the Rotterdam. Re-named Falmouth, July 19.<br />
1652. Aug. 27. Defeat of the English by the Dutch, off Elba.<br />
1652. Sept. 28. Battle of the Kentish Knock. Defeat of the Dutch Fleet.<br />
1652. Oct. Capture of the Morning Star. Re-named Plover, Oct. 30.<br />
1652. Nov. 30. Defeat of Blake by Tromp.<br />
1653. Feb. 18. Battle of Portland.<br />
1652-3. Mar. 4. Defeat of Appleton by Van Galen, off Leghorn.<br />
1653. June 3. Battle off the Coast of Essex. Death of Doane.<br />
1653. July 31. Decisive Defeat of the Dutch. Death of Tromp.<br />
1653. Nov. "Scuffle" between the Nonsuch and a Dutch Man-of-War.<br />
1653. Dec. Action between Phoenix and a Dutch Man-of-War.<br />
1654. Jan. Capture of the Walcheren by the Sapphire.<br />
1654. Feb. The Amity captured a Dutch Man-of-War of 20 Guns.</span></blockquote>
<br />
<b>To learn more about William Dyer's role in the Anglo-Dutch War,</b> see my article in this site, <a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2012/05/william-dyer-and-anglo-dutch-war.html">https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2012/05/william-dyer-and-anglo-dutch-war.html</a>, and for the naming of Wall Street in New York, the roles that William Dyer and John Underhill played in that affair, see <a href="https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2013/05/wall-streets-beginning-plenty-of-bull.html">https://marybarrettdyer.blogspot.com/2013/05/wall-streets-beginning-plenty-of-bull.html</a> . <br />
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<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Christy K Robinson</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> is author of
these books: </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0828025053/sr=1-4/qid=1427858318/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1427858318&sr=1-4">We
Shall Be Changed</a> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2010) </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Illuminated-Dyers-1/dp/1492848034/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8">Mary
Dyer Illuminated</a> Vol. 1 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2013) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Such-Dyers-Volume/dp/1496026136/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_y">Mary
Dyer: For Such a Time as This</a> Vol. 2 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/DYERS-London-Boston-Newport-Volume/dp/1500539465/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_z">The
Dyers of London, Boston, & Newport</a> Vol. 3 </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Effigy-Hunter-Christy-K-Robinson/dp/1516982509/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1443282537&sr=1-1&keywords=Effigy+Hunter%2C+by+Christy+K+Robinson">Effigy
Hunter</a> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2015) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0692190813/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_taft_p1_i7">Anne
Marbury Hutchinson: American Founding Mother</a></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> (2018)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">And of these sites:
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Discovering
Love</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(inspiration and service)</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Rooting
for Ancestors</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(history and genealogy)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;">William and Mary Barrett Dyer</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;">
(17th century culture and history of England and New England)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><a href="https://editornado.blogspot.com/">Editornado
[ed•i•tohr•NAY•doh]</a> (Words. Communications. Book reviews. Cartoons.)</span></div>
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<br />Christy K Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05988458745832012138noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4582751663390398171.post-85515805190456466092019-06-02T01:00:00.000-07:002019-06-02T01:00:03.029-07:00How you can help authors<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Christy K Robinson</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> is author of
these books (click a title to go to the Amazon page): </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0828025053/sr=1-4/qid=1427858318/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1427858318&sr=1-4"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">We Shall Be Changed</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2010) </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Illuminated-Dyers-1/dp/1492848034/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary Dyer Illuminated</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 1 </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2013) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mary-Dyer-Such-Dyers-Volume/dp/1496026136/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_y"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mary Dyer: For Such a Time as This</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 2 </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/DYERS-London-Boston-Newport-Volume/dp/1500539465/ref=pd_bxgy_b_img_z"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The Dyers of London, Boston, & Newport</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Vol. 3 </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2014) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Effigy-Hunter-Christy-K-Robinson/dp/1516982509/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1443282537&sr=1-1&keywords=Effigy+Hunter%2C+by+Christy+K+Robinson"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Effigy Hunter</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(2015) </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0692190813/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_hsch_vapi_taft_p1_i7"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Anne Marbury Hutchinson: American Founding
Mother</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">
(2018)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">And of these sites:
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Discovering
Love</span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(inspiration and service)</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt;">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Rooting
for Ancestors</span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(history and genealogy)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">William and Mary Barrett Dyer</span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">
(17th century culture and history of England and New England)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://editornado.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Editornado
[ed•i•tohr•NAY•doh]</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> (Words. Communications. Book reviews.
Cartoons.)</span></div>
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